introduction: ulcerative colitis (uc) is a chronic colonic mucosal disease with unknown etiology. its frequency is rising in our country in recent years. with application of newer topical preparation in treatment of uc a true recognition of its colonic extension pattern is needed.  reports from iran are scarce. reports from the world are contradictory. this study, therefore, was done to determi...

background: routine screening colonoscopy is on the rise and pathologists have to deal with the ever larger numbers of excised colonic polyps. it is very important to optimize the patients’ individual treatment and further surveillance. pathologists play a critical role in management, as most of the clinical decisions concerning colonic polyp management are based on pathologic findings. one of ...

The aim of this in vivo study was to assess the ability of the prodrug conjugate diclofenac-β-cyclodextrin to release diclofenac in the colon following oral administration, using sulfapyridine (a metabolite of sulfasalazine) as a marker of colonic absorption. Two groups of rats were used; the test rats received a suspension containing the two prodrugs, diclofenac-β-cyclodextrin and sulfasalazin...

Gastrin is a growth factor for both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal tumours. Endocytosis of gastrin has been demonstrated in tumour cell lines expressing cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor (CCK-BR); this has raised the possibility of receptor targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to examine endocytosis of gastrin and CCK-BR in tumour cell lines. A small gastrin analogue, RG-G7, ...

Indomethacin (IND) is one of the supporting drug candidates for colonic targeting but it belongs to BCS class II category presenting a challenge in optimal at site. To overcome this challenge, we sought prepare pH-dependent soluble ternary solid dispersion (SD) IND improved solubility and dissolution rate colon without need coating. The current study focuses on preparation binary SDs API with s...

Recently, we reported that nicotine in vitro at a low 1-μM concentration suppresses hyperexcitability of colonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG; L(1)-L(2)) neurons in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse model of acute colonic inflammation (1). Here we show that multiple action potential firing in colonic DRG neurons persisted at least for 3 wk post-DSS administration while the inflammatory...

BACKGROUND Colonic involvement in amebic liver abscess (ALA) occurs in more than half of the patients. However no studies have found any association between the site of the colonic lesions and location of abscesses in the liver. Thus, the present study was designed to find the correlation between colonic involvement in solitary and multiple ALAs. METHODS This is a case control study of 80 pat...

objective(s):multi-epitopic protein vaccines and direction of vaccine delivery to dendritic cells (dcs) are promising approaches for enhancing immune responses against mutable pathogens. escherichia coli is current host for expression of recombinant proteins, and it is important to optimize expression condition. the aim of this study was the optimization of multi-epitopic hiv-1 tat/pol/gag/env ...

abstract this study is an attempt to investigate the influence of targeting subsidies on price transmission pattern in iran's egg market. the targeting subsidies plan was imposed by 20 december 2010. using of daily price time series data, the study was conducted during december 2009 to october 2011. using ecm model, price transmission models were estimated for the two periods (e.g. before and a...

this paper is devoted to the study of determining optimal process mean in system production with the two markets for the sale of goods. in this paper, we developed an absorbing markov chain model in production systems where all items are inspected %100 for conformance with their specification limits. when the value of the quality characteristic of an item falls below a lower limit, the item is ...