In this paper, the key topics of tunable structural color in biology and material science are overviewed. Color in biology is considered for selected groups of tropical fish, octopus, squid and beetle. It is caused by nanoplates in iridophores and varies with their spacing, tilting angle and refractive index. These examples may provide valuable hints for the bioinspired design of photonic mater...

Age-related changes in tooth color have been described previously, however, the use of dental color for age estimation in forensic odontology has been limited due to the difficulty of measuring color objectively. This study presents an objective method for determining dental color to estimate the age of an individual. Dentine color in 250 teeth from patients ranging in age from 10 to 89 years w...

ing has been a goal of lighting researchers—and the broader lighting industry—for decades. The utility of the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage’s (CIE’s) general color rendering index (Ra, commonly called CRI)1 has been demonstrated by its continued use for 50 years, but its limitations and deficiencies are becoming ever more prominent with the advent of solid-state lighting, which provi...

A robust classification algorithm that applies color science and image processing techniques is developed to automatically identify the pH level on a test strip. This algorithm is implemented on a camera phone that captures color images of pH test strips for healthcare or medical purpose. The pre-installed and platform independent program in the camera cell phone then processes the images capt...

ÐThis is an elementary research for assigning color values to voxels of multichannel Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) volume data. The MRI volume data sets obtained under different scanning conditions are transformed to the components by independent component analysis (ICA), which enhances physical characteristics of the tissue. The transfer functions for generating color values from independen...

We propose and demonstrate single-chip white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) integrated with semiconductor nanophosphors of colloidal quantum dots for high scotopic/photopic (S/P) ratio. These color conversion WLEDs achieve S/P ratios over 3.00, which exceeds the current limit of 2.50 in common lighting technologies, while sustaining sufficient levels of color rendering index.

25 Although color Doppler ultrasonography has been used to evaluate testicular blood flow in 26 many species, very little has been done in goat. Eight male Shiba goats were exposed to a 27 single intramuscular injection of either gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH group; 28 1μg/kg BW) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG group; 25 IU/kg BW). Plasma 29 testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and inh...

Abstract. We generalize two bijections due to Garsia and Gessel to compute the generating functions of the two vector statistics (desG,maj, lG, col) and (desG, idesG,maj, imaj, col, icol) over the wreath product of a symmetric group by a cyclic group. Here desG, lG, maj, col, idesG, imajG, and icol denote the number of descents, length, major index, color weight, inverse descents, inverse major...

This paper presents an efficient spatial indexing technique for content-based image retrieval. Spatial index is generated based upon a fast and robust clustering technique, which can recognize color clusters of any shape. It also exploits entropy measure to decide whether quantization is needed before clustering. Based on experimentation, the performance of the new indexing technique has been f...

The value of transvaginal B-mode ultrasonography combined with color velocity imaging and pulsed Doppler to detect retained trophoblastic tissue was evaluated prospectively in a series of 40 patients with postpartum (n = 15) or postabortion (n = 25) bleeding. Color velocity imaging was used to identify color-coded blood flow signals within myometrium and/or endometrium. Flow was subjectively qu...