knowledge about the clinical significance of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog b1 ( braf ) mutations in colorectal cancer (crc) is growing. braf encodes a protein kinase involved with intracellular signaling and cell division. the gene product is a downstream effector of kirsten ras 1( kras ) within the ras/raf/mapk cellular signaling pathway. evidence suggests that braf mutations, li...

background: metastasis and recurrence of colorectal cancer after treatment is attributed to stem cells. the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the expression of stem cell marker cd166 in colorectal cancer by immunohistochemistry and clinicopathologic parameters.methods: from 2006 to 2012, 121 colectomy specimens of patients with colon cancer that were operated in babol ...

background: colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with more than one million new cases diagnosed each year . the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of herpes simplex virus and epstein-barr virus in patients with colorectal carcinomas and polyps in comparison with healthy subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction technique. methods: in this anal...

background: over the past decade, survival from advanced colorectal cancer is increasing. therefore patients have more exposure to chemotherapy and related toxicities. this study determines how hematologic toxicity patterns affect therapy and care. methods: from april 2010 to march 2013, we enrolled 127 patients with stages iib to iv colorectal cancer. patients underwent complete blood count mo...

background and objectives: involvement of lymph nodes is an important prognostic factor in the most cancers, including colorectal cancer. in the recent years, invasion to blood and lymphatic vessels has been shown to predict involvement of lymph nodes and the number of involved nodes has been less studied issue. the aim of this study was determination of the relationship between the size of col...

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide. It also fourth leading cause of death among all malignant tumours. The treatment modalities for colorectal include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biotargeted therapy, gene therapy and biological immunotherapy [1,2].

background: minimal bright red bleeding per rectum (mbrbpr) is a common complaint in adult patients. most studies have not been performed in patients with strictly minimal brbpr, and there are no evidence-based recommendations for this group of patients. materials and methods: patients with complaints as small amounts of red blood after wiping or a few drops of blood in the toilet bowl after de...

background: the present study sought to investigate molecular evidence for association between the presence of herpes simplex virus (hsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and epstein-barr virus (ebv) in crc and colorectal polyp by using the pcr method in iran. methods: in this analytical case-control study, we selected 15 patients with crc, 20 patients with colorectal polyp, and 35 patients without mali...

lymph node dissection is of prime importance for accurate staging of colorectal carcinomas. since a great number of small lymph nodes are missed in the traditional method, several fat clearing solutions have been introduced for easier detection of smaller lymph nodes. in this study we evaluated the efficacy of a new fat clearing solution so-called lymph node revealing solution (lnrs) in colecto...

background: on an average 30-50% of patients who undergo incision and drainage (i and d) of anal abscess will develop recurrence or fistula formation. it is claimed that finding the internal orifice of anal abscess to distract the corresponding anal gland duct; will decline the rate of future anal fistula. surgeons supporting i and d alone claim that finding the internal opening is hazardous. t...