BACKGROUND Methylphenidate (MPH) has been found to be an effective medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there are neither consistent nor sufficient findings on whether psychiatric comorbidities and associated cognitive functions of ADHD are related to treatment response to MPH in ADHD children. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether psychiatric comorbid...

INTRODUCTION This study aims to evaluate executive functions (EF), such as inhibition, planning, working memory, and set shifting, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by comparing three ADHD subtype groups (ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-Combined, and ADHD-Comorbid) and a normal control group. METHODS Participants included 147 children. In total, 111 children were assigne...

BACKGROUND Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (BD) has been associated with a number of neurocognitive deficits not dissimilar to ADHD. This study compared neuropsychological profiles of 4 groups of adolescents (14-17 years): 41 Normal Controls (NC), 30 ADHD, 12 BD and 12 combined (BD+ADHD). METHODS Participants were identified according to a standardized protocol (WASHU-KSADS mood section, K-SADS-PL...

BACKGROUND The aim of this investigation was to examine the construct validity and distinctiveness of the inattentive type (IT) and combined type (CT) of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a Latino/Hispanic sample. METHOD A comprehensive assessment was conducted with a clinically diagnosed school-based sample of 98 children aged 6 to 11 (CT=44; IT=25; control group=29). RESU...

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the presence of EEG clusters within a sample of children with the combined type of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Subjects consisted of 184 boys with ADHD and 40 age-matched controls. EEG was recorded from 21 sites during an eyes-closed resting condition and Fourier transformed to provide estimates for total power, and relative powe...

Papadopoulos et al. (2014) investigated gait profiles of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder-combined type (ADHD-CT) compared to typical developing (TD) controls. The authors reported differences in the gait profile of ADHD-CT in the self-selected fast speed category. Additionally, others have proposed a maturational delay hypothesis in gait, demonstrating that gait variabili...

Although, in everyday life, patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequently distracted by goal-irrelevant affective stimuli, little is known about the neural and behavioral substrates underlying this emotional distractibility. Because some of the most important brain responses associated with the sudden onset of an emotional distracter are characterized by their ear...

ADHD linkage findings have not all been consistently replicated, suggesting that other approaches to linkage analysis in ADHD might be necessary, such as the use of (quantitative) endophenotypes (heritable traits associated with an increased risk for ADHD). Genome-wide linkage analyses were performed in the Dutch subsample of the International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study comprising...

AIMS This analysis examined hypothesised associations between microstructural attributes in specific white matter (WM) tracts selected a priori and measures of clinical variability in adolescents with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Firstly, associations were explored between WM microstructure and ADHD severity in the subgenual cingulum. Secondly, to ensure that ...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more common in boys than in girls, suggesting that prenatal androgen exposure may play a role in etiology. Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) and relative finger length are measures known to exhibit sex differences early in life, also suggesting that prenatal androgen exposure plays a contributing role. CEOAEs and the lengths of the fi...