European patent law as it applies to stem cell technologies is complex. The complexities have developed from different supranational sources of law during the last 50 years and from the various levels of exceptions to patentability embodied in the law. In relation to stem cells of human embryonic origin, the definition of a human embryo, although broad, is still in some respects unclear; and th...

In this chapter, I define the scope of electronic commerce law and discuss how law can evolve in response to rapid change in social and business practices. I summarize how commercial law has adapted to electronic sales of goods using EDI and Internet distribution systems, discuss the strengths and weaknesses from a legal perspective of a new technology-based model for electronic commerce – digi...

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. pISSN 1011-8934 eISSN 1598-6357 We Should Not Forget Lessons Learned from the Woo Suk Hwang’...

“abstraction principle” means separation between two obligations incommercial instruments: underlying obligation and documentary obligationthat created by drawing these documents. the main effect of this principle isthat objections related to first obligation, cannot be claim in second; wherethere is a third party. to obtain a real and comprehensive perspective of thisprinciple in iranian law, ...

     A simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method is described for determination of tropicamide. The method is based on the reaction of tropicamide and bromocresol green. The ion-paired colored complex was extracted with chloroform at pH 3. The extracted complex showed maximum absorbance at 423 nm. The complex was stable up to 2 days and obeyed Beer's law over the concentration r...

A permissionless innovation regulatory model, importantly featuring a default presumption of approval of innovators’ new activities, is credited with fostering the development of the Internet. For the first time, this regulatory model is being explored for adoption in the outer space domain, a reasonable choice given the amount of innovation by commercial entities in that sector. However, trans...