Commodities (rural and non-rural) account for a significant proportion of Australia’s exports. Even though tourism and manufactured exports have grown strongly in recent years, earnings from commodities were around two thirds of total export earnings from goods and services in 1991/92. This was despite the cyclically low level of prices. Furthermore, the volatility of commodity prices is an imp...

The marketing of unhealthy commodities through traditional media is known to impact consumers' product attitudes and behaviors. Less is known about the impacts of digital marketing (online promotional activities), especially among young people who have a strong online presence. This review systematically assesses the relationship between digital marketing and young people's attitudes and behavi...

Recent human population increase has been enabled by a massive expansion of global agricultural production. A key component of this "Green Revolution" has been application of inorganic fertilizers to produce and maintain high crop yields. However, the long-term sustainability of these practices is unclear given the eutrophying effects of fertilizer runoff as well as the reliance of fertilizer p...

In principle, anything can serve these functions, and hence anything can serve as money. In fact, in the past, many different things have served as money. For many years commodities have served as money – thinks like cows, cigarettes, and precious metals (e.g. gold and silver). In more recent years, economies have moved towards fiat money. Fiat money are pieces of paper (or electronic entries) ...

Cost allocation problems arise in many contexts in economics and management science. In a typical problem that we have in mind, a decision maker must decide how to allocate the joint cost of production among several commodities using prices. Furthermore, these prices must satisfy certain reasonable postulates among which is the requirement that total revenue associated with these prices must co...

The utility from some 'commodities' depends on the allocation rule used to distribute it. If, for example, a prize for excellence in some field is given frequently to the highest bidders, its recipients would feel less happy than they would otherwise. Such goods are called association goods. It is argued that a wide range of commodities have an element of the association good in them and that f...