Recently, it has been proposed that schools teach disciplinary literacy in science, mathematics, history, and literature classes as students move into middle school and high school. A disciplinary literacy approach emphasizes the specialized knowledge and abilities possessed by those who create, communicate, and use knowledge within each of the disciplines. This article compares disciplinary li...

We combine two recent probabilistic approaches to natural language understanding, exploring the formal pragmatics of communication on a noisy channel. We first extend a model of rational communication between a speaker and listener, to allow for the possibility that messages are corrupted by noise. In this model, common knowledge of a noisy channel leads to the use and correct understanding of ...

To confirm the language independency of a communicative prosody generation from input word impression vector, we synthesized communicative Mandarin speech using prosodic characteristics of communicative Japanese speech. The fundamental frequency and duration characteristics of oneword “n” utterances of Japanese were copied to Mandarin through input word attributes. From the subjective impressio...

Embodied Pedagogical Agents (EPA) are increasingly employed in educational applications, for a variety of users and purposes. However, studies have shown that visual appearance, communicative style, and pedagogical roles of agents impact their acceptance, trust, and user interaction [1, 2, 3, 4]. In this paper, we present a study where 86 primary school children (aged 7-11) chose an EPA to ‘acc...

Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are utilized by insects for a variety of physiological and communicative purposes. Social insects have capitalized on the vast potential of CHCs as an information source, using them as signals to regulate social interactions. Currently, only female CHC profiles have been explored, and little is known regarding the CHC profiles of males. Here, using Polistes dominul...

The evolution of chemical communication and the origin of pheromones are among the most challenging issues in chemical ecology. Current theory predicts that chemical communication can arise from compounds primarily evolved for non-communicative purposes but experimental evidence showing a gradual evolution of non-informative compounds into cues and true signals is scarce. Here we report that fe...

As demonstrated by the two preceding papers (Bedrosian, 1995; Higginbotham, 1995), the appropriate selection of subjects for conducting augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) research can be complex and, in many cases, unresolved. Our intention in presenting opposing views on the use of nondisabled individuals for AAC research was to highlight issues pertinent to subject selection. As...

PURPOSES Typically, early (pre-diagnostic) development in individuals later diagnosed with Rett syndrome (RTT) has been investigated retrospectively using parent reports, medical records and analysis of home videos. In recent years, prospective research designs have been increasingly applied to the investigation of early development in individuals with late phenotypical onset disorders, for exa...

Lab speech has often been described as unnatural, overly clear, over planned, monotonous, lack of rich prosody, and devoid of communicative functions, interactions and emotions. Along with this view is a growing popularity for directly examining spontaneous speech for the sake of understanding spontaneous speech, especially in regard to its prosody. In this paper I argue that few of the stereot...

Background & Aims: Methodology as a critical factor plays a significant role in achieving the acceptable results in educational fields, particularly in the process of language teaching and learning in applied linguistics. Analyzing the teaching methodology from different perspectives such as satisfaction is also important. Accordingly, the purpose of present paper is to evaluate the satisfactio...