Photodissociation of methane at high altitude levels in Neptune's atmosphere leads to the production of complex hydrocarbon species such as acetylene (C2H2), ethane (C2H6), methylacetylene (CH3C2H), propane (C3H8), diacetylene (C4H2), and butane (C4H8). These gases diffuse to the lower stratosphere where temperatures are low enough to initiate condensation. Particle formation may not occur re...

Although there are many studies on the Jurassic source rocks in northern margin of Qaidam Basin, characteristics biomarkers and products with same rock different evolutionary stages still not well understood. Such an understanding is essential for accurately estimating oil gas resources. In order to explore hydrocarbon-generation potential high-quality Middle evolution liquid hydrocarbons bioma...

Due to the large contribution of the coldstart process to unburned hydrocarbon emissions of an internal combustion engine during FTP cycle tests, we take a new look at the production of hydrocarbons inside the combustion chamber during coldstart. To this end a model is developed which predicts the exhaust port hydrocarbon concentration, exhaust gas temperature and equivalence ratio based on a s...

Literature on hydrocarbon degradation in extreme hypersaline media presents studies that point to a negative effect of salinity increase on hydrocarbonoclastic activity, while several others report an opposite tendency. Based on information available in the literature, we present a discussion on the reasons that justify these contrary results. Despite the fact that microbial ability to metaboli...

Hazards caused by leakage of hydrocarbons have long been a problem. In this paper, the critical initiation energy and explosion limits of some hydrocarbon-air mixtures have been measured in confined (rectangle shock tube) and unconfined (plastic bag) condition tests. Two dimensionless parameters are suggested to compare the fire and explosion hazards of different hydrocarbons. Additionally, a s...

We have used spin labels and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to study the correlation between the rotational dynamics of protein and lipid in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes. A short-chain maleimide spin label was used to monitor the submillisecond rotational mobility of the Ca-ATPase enzyme (using saturation transfer EPR); a free fatty acid spin label was used to monitor the submic...

Bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants is advantageous owing to the cost-effectiveness of the technology and the ubiquity of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms in the soil. Soil microbial diversity is affected by hydrocarbon perturbation, thus selective enrichment of hydrocarbon utilizers occurs. Hydrocarbons interact with the soil matrix and soil microorganisms determining the fate of the ...

BACKGROUND Hydrocarbon-induced occupational liver injury is a well-known clinical entity among petroleum industry workers. There are many types of hydrocarbon exposure, with inhalation being the most common. Hydrocarbon-induced occupational liver injury is a rarely suspected and commonly missed etiological agent for liver injury. We report a case of a non-petroleum industry worker with chronic ...

Marine hydrocarbon seepage emits oil and gas, including methane ( approximately 30 Tg of CH(4) per year), to the ocean and atmosphere. Sediments from the California margin contain preserved tar, primarily formed through hydrocarbon weathering at the sea surface. We present a record of variation in the abundance of tar in sediments for the past 32,000 years, providing evidence for increases in h...

Here we introduce a MIxS extension to facilitate the recording and cataloguing of metadata from samples related to hydrocarbon resources. The proposed MIxS-HCR package incorporates the core features of the MIxS standard for marker gene (MIMARKS) and metagenomic (MIMS) sequences along with a hydrocarbon resources customized environmental package. Adoption of the MIxS-HCR standard will enable the...