In this study, twenty of the most common Fusarium species were molecularly characterized and inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), rice and maize medium, where thirty three targeted mycotoxins, which might be the secondary metabolites of the identified fungal species, were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Statistical analysis was performed with principa...

A screening test showed that lycorine exhibited significant antifungal activity against 24 pathogenic crop fungi at concentrations of 500 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml, respectively. Fusarium graminearum was selected for antifungal mechanism studies by observing its mycelial morphology and investigating the variations in its conductivity. In addition, the substance absorption and metabolism of F. gramine...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by infection with Fusarium graminearum leads to enormous losses to crop growers, and may contaminate grains with a number of Fusarium mycotoxins that pose serious risks to human and animal health. Antagonistic bacteria that are used to prevent FHB offer attractive alternatives or supplements to synthetic fungicides for controlling FHB without the negative effec...

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is an important mitochondrial enzyme that blocks the production of acetyl-CoA by selectively inhibiting the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) through phosphorylation. PDK is an effectively therapeutic target in cancer cells, but the physiological roles of PDK in phytopathogens are largely unknown. To address these gaps, a PDK gene (FgPDK1) was isolated...

Fusarium head blight is a devastating disease in wheat caused by some fungal pathogens of the Fusarium genus mainly F. graminearum, due to accumulation of toxic trichothecenes. Most of the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway has been mapped, although some proteins of the pathway remain uncharacterized, including an NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. We subcloned a F. graminearum cytochrome P450 re...

The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common contaminant of small grains, such as wheat and barley, in the United States. New strategies to mitigate the threat of DON need to be developed and implemented. TRI101 and TRI201 are trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases that are able to modify DON and reduce its toxicity. Recent work has highlighted differences in the activities of TRI...

The incidence and toxicological characteristics of mycotoxigenic Fusarium were assessed in 24 proso millet samples collected from fields on Jeju Island, Korea. isolates the comprised F. asiaticum (19.5%), acuminatum (12.4%), graminearum (11.8%), incarnatum (10.7%), equiseti tricinctum (8.9%), 12 other species. contaminated with zearalenone (62.5%), deoxynivalenol (45.8%), nivalenol (41.7%) at m...

Azole fungicides play a prominent role for reliable plant disease management. However, quantitative azole resistance has been shown to develop in fungal pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). Due to widespread application of azole fungicides, resistance may accumulate to higher degrees in fungal field populations over time. Although azole fung...

Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, caused by several Fusarium species, especially Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schweinitz) Petch], is a widespread and destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and other small-grain cereals (Liddell 2003; Parry et al. 1995; Pirgozilev et al. 2003). These pathogens infect spikes and reduce gra...