Corrective feedback is crucial for students to improve their speaking skill. The as important the way of delivering it students. Lecturers need acknowledge students’ preferences on corrective feedback, so will be useful improvement. This study aims at investigating (1) amount that think most and its reason, (2) types reason. utilizes mixed method. Both close-ended open-ended questionnaire are u...

As second language (L2) research adapts to the dynamics of multimodal instruction, researchers are exploring role captioning and textual enhancement (TE) on learner development. The present experiment assesses differential effects textually enhanced captions learners’ elicited imitation L2 Spanish grammar. Twenty-eight English-speaking intermediate learners saw 3 videos that focused gustar-type...

This study investigates whether re-thinking the separation of lexis and grammar in language testing could lead to more valid inferences about proficiency across modes. As argued by Römer, typical scoring rubrics ignore important information encoded at lexis–grammar interface, particular how co-selection lexical grammatical features is mediated communicative function. especially evident when ass...

abstractthis study examined the effect of two types of feedback, post-text as a written feedback and recast as an oral one on written grammatical accuracy of iranian intermediate efl learners. to this end, 45 intermediate students who were studying at ideal language institute in sari were selected based on their performance on the nelson proficiency test, and then divided into three groups (two...

We develop a formal grammatical system called a link grammar, show how English grammar can be encoded in such a system, and give algorithms for efficiently parsing with a link grammar. Although the expressive power of link grammars is equivalent to that of context free grammars, encoding natural language grammars appears to be much easier with the new system. We have written a program for gener...

Abstract Background The Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) is a useful means of generating meaningful feedback. OSCE feedback may be in various forms (written, face to and audio or video recordings). Studies on are uncommon, especially involving Asian medical students. Methods We compared two methods delivered fourth year students Malaysia: (i) Face (FTF) immediate (semester one) (ii) In...

The paper addresses the problems of making program specifications written in OCL easier to read and to maintain. The solution proposed is to use the grammar formalism GF to define a high-level abstract grammar of specifications with translations into OCL, logic, and natural languages. A prototype of the solution is illustrated by an example.

The recently published Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology does not spend a single word on computer-aided language learning (CALL). Indeed, present-day CALL systems hardly employ Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Reasons for this state of affairs are not hard to find. First of all, current language teaching methods tend to emphasize oral language skills, espe...

teaching the grammatical tenses is considered to be one of the most controversial challenges among teachers and researchers in teaching persian language to non-persian speakers. prioritizing the tenses in accordance with their frequency could greatly facilitate the process of language learning. in this research, a comparison has been made between the frequency of the tenses in spoken and writte...