1 Draft submitted to SCAM 2002 Abstract Many software systems are developed with configurable functionality, and for multiple hardware platforms and operating systems. This can lead to thousands of possible configurations, requiring each configuration-dependent programming entity or variable to have different types. Such configuration-dependent variables are often declared inside preprocessor c...

Acquisition, retrieval and extinction of instrumental alimentary reflexes during various types of sleep was studied in cats with metallic electrodes chronically implanted in different brain structures. The possible acquisition and extinction of a defensive conditioned reflex with the onset of paradoxical sleep (PS) serving as a conditioned signal and painful electrical stimulation of the skin a...

Morphine administration elicits pronounced effects on the immune system, including decreases in natural killer (NK) cell activity and lymphocyte mitogenic responsiveness. These immune alterations can become conditioned to environmental stimuli that predict morphine as a result of Pavlovian conditioning processes. Prior work in our laboratory has shown that acute morphine exposure produces dopam...

To study the role of the mossy fiber afferents to the cerebellum in classical eye-blink conditioning, in particular the timing of the conditioned responses, we compared the effects of varying a peripheral conditioned stimulus with the effects of corresponding variations of direct stimulation of the mossy fibers. In one set of experiments, decerebrate ferrets were trained in a Pavlovian eye-blin...

We examined the local field potential of the hippocampus to monitor brain states during a conditional discrimination task, in order to elucidate the relationship between ongoing brain states and a conditioned motor reflex. Five 10-week-old Wistar/ST male rats underwent a serial feature positive conditional discrimination task in eyeblink conditioning using a preceding light stimulus as a condit...

Conditioned reinforcement refers to the capacity of a conditioned stimulus to support instrumental behavior by acquiring affective properties of the primary reinforcer with which it is associated. Conditioned reinforcers maintain behavior over protracted periods of time in the absence of, and potentially in conflict with, primary reinforcers and as such may play a fundamental role in complex so...

In this study we examined the effects of harmaline on Pavlovian conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response. The acquisition of conditioned responses was determined during a single session consisting of 120 pairings of a tone-conditioned stimulus with a corneal air puff unconditioned stimulus. Harmaline severely retarded (5 mg/kg) or completely blocked (10 and 20 mg/kg) acquisiti...

Five groups of rats were trained in an active avoidance task in a shuttle box with different conditioned stimuli. Animals with either a light-conditioned stimulus or with electrical stimulation of the ventral pontine nucleus as a conditioned stimulus rapidly learned to avoid an aversive event, while those with no conditioned stimulus, with electrical stimulation of the lateral pontine nucleus o...

Following training on a variable-interval food reinforcement schedule, rats were exposed to Pavlovian procedures which produced reliable conditioned suppression and conditioned acceleration of the leverpressing (instrumental) baseline. When free food was simultaneously made available in the test cage, all subjects spent the majority of each session "freeloading," that is, eating food from a dis...