AAPM Task Group 119 has produced quantitative confidence limits as baseline expectation values for IMRT commissioning. A set of test cases was developed to assess the overall accuracy of planning and delivery of IMRT treatments. Each test uses contours of targets and avoidance structures drawn within rectangular phantoms. These tests were planned, delivered, measured, and analyzed by nine facil...

BACKGROUND Emphasis is increasingly being placed on the monitoring of clinical outcomes for health care providers. Funnel plots have become an increasingly popular graphical methodology used to identify potential outliers. It is assumed that a provider only displaying expected random variation (i.e. 'in-control') will fall outside a control limit with a known probability. In reality, the discre...

‎We firstly prove the completeness of the category of crossed modules in a modified category of interest‎. ‎Afterwards‎, ‎we define pullback crossed modules and pullback cat objects that are both obtained by pullback diagrams with extra structures on certain arrows‎. ‎These constructions unify many corresponding results for the cases of groups‎, ‎commutative algebras and can also be adapted to ...

We discuss the problem of selecting an optimal cut and then finding confidence limits based on that cut. Even when performing a blind analysis this may lead to a bias in the limits because the cut selected may be optimal for a real or simulated data set with limited statistics and thus may be sensitive to fluctuations in this data set. We propose to use a variant of the bootstrap to find the li...

A sensor based on an array of wavelengths of a cationic poythiophene derivative was applied to discriminate fifteen nucleotides along with monophosphate and pyrophosphate with 100% confidence limits.

The process capability indices are widely used by quality professionals as an estimate of process capability. The lower confidence limits of PCIs are difficult to be estimated by parametric methods for some non-normal distributed processes. The non-parametric but computer intensive Bootstrap techniques are utilized for these cases. The Percentile-t Bootstrap (PTB) method is used to estimate the...

The stochastic nature of the IMF in young stellar clusters implies that clusters of the same mass and age do not present the same unique values of their observed parameters. Instead they follow a distribution. We address the study of such distributions, parameterised in terms of their confidence limits, in evolutionary synthesis models. These confidence limits can be understood as the inherent ...

Capability indices compare the actual performance of a manufacturing process to the desired performance. In practice these indices are estimated using sample data, often with quite small sample sizes. Thus, it is of interest to obtain confidence limits for actual capability index given a sample estimate. Most of the traditional methods for assessing the capability of manufacturing process are d...

We investigate the anomalous $W^+W^-\gamma$ couplings through process $e^-e^+\,\rightarrow\,\nu_e\bar{\nu}_e\gamma$ for unpolarized and polarized electron (positron) beams at International Linear Collider. give 95$\%$ Confidence Level limits on with without systematic uncertainties various values of center-of-mass energies integrated luminosities. show that obtained can highly improve current e...