Semiconductors with wide bandgap are crucial for optoelectronic devices and energy applications owing to their electron confinement, high optical transparency tunable electrical conductivity. Therefore, in this study, the quantum confinement effect of chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals such as ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, SnS, SnSe SnTe studied based on Brus model using effective mass approximation, h...

Recently we have found that He films thin near the lambda point. Based on our measurements, the thining appears to be caused by the confinement of superfluid order parameter fluctuations in the films. The phenomenon of the thinning is believed to analogous to the Casimir effect in electromagnetism where the confinement of electromagnetic fluctuations causes the vacuum layer that separates two m...

I construct an isotropic, gauge invariant monopole condensate in SU(2) QCD. It provides a suitable, gauge-invariant vacuum for the dual-Meissner effect to provide QCD colour confinement without violating the isotropy of real space.

Materials with van der Waals-bonding are known to exhibit quantum confinement effect, in which the electronic bandgap of three-dimensional (3D) realization a material is lower than that its two-dimensional (2D) counterpart. However, possibility an anomalous effect (AQCE) exists, where trend reversed. In this work, we computationally identify materials for such AQCE occurs. Using density functio...

The effect of varying film thickness (h) on the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties of 0.5  wt.% perylenediimide-doped polystyrene waveguides is reported. The threshold dependence on h, not previously investigated in detail, is analyzed in terms of the film absorption and photoluminescence, the confinement of the fundamental waveguide mode (TE0), and the presence of high-order modes...

Systems in which particles can self-assemble into mono-or bilayers can form variety of stable and metastable structures on a nanometer length scale. For this reason confinement has a particularly strong effect on such systems. We discuss in some detail effects of confinement on lamellar and cubic phases with double-diamond structure. Structural deformations in slit geometry are described for la...

In this article, perfectly matched layer (PML) for the boundary treatment and an efficient compact two dimensional finite-difference frequency-domain (2-D FDFD) method were combined to model photonic crystal fibers (PCF). For photonic crystal fibers, if we assume that the propagation constant along the propagation direction is fixed, three-dimensional hybrid guided modes can be calculated by us...