OBJECTIVE To investigate the origin of signals from scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF) and the influence of axial scan depth on the measurement of blood flow in the rat retina. METHODS We performed SLDF in 5 adult Sprague-Dawley rats using a specially modified Heidelberg retina flowmeter. Axial scans were obtained from +2 diopters (D) to -3 D (in steps of 0.25 D) or from +1 D to -2 D (in...

We describe the construction of a simple 'real-time' laser-scanning confocal microscope, and illustrate its use for rapid imaging of elementary intracellular calcium signaling events. A resonant scanning galvanometer (8 kHz) allows x-y frame acquisition rates of 15 or 30 Hz, and the use of mirrors to scan the laser beam permits use of true, pin-hole confocal detection to provide diffraction-lim...

Fibered confocal fluorescence in vivo imaging with a fiber optic bundle uses the same principle as fluorescent confocal microscopy. It can excite fluorescent in situ elements through the optical fibers, and then record some of the emitted photons, via the same optical fibers. The light source is a laser that sends the exciting light through an element within the fiber bundle and as it scans ove...

PURPOSE To study the healing of corneal wounds after epikeratome laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (epi-LASIK). METHODS Twenty-seven patients who had undergone epi-LASIK for the treatment of myopia or myopic astigmatism in 46 eyes were enrolled. A single intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) for 20 to 30 seconds was used in 24 eyes with a refraction of no less than -6.0 D ...

certainly not given to a case reported in the early autumn. According to a local newspaper, a middle-aged couple were evicted from their house by the local housing authority because they had failed to pay rent.

The difficulties traditionally faced by functional morphologists in representing and interpreting three-dimensional objects can now be mostly overcome using available laser and computer imaging technologies. A practical method for three-dimensional imaging of small mammalian teeth using confocal microscopy is reported. Moulding and casting of the teeth were first performed, followed by confocal...

Breast conserving surgery allows complete tumor resection while maintaining acceptable cosmesis for patients. Safe and rapid intraoperative margin assessment during the procedure is important to establish the completeness of tumor excision and minimizes the need for reoperation. Confocal laser endomicroscopy has demonstrated promise for real-time intraoperative margin assessment using acriflavi...

BACKGROUND The zebrafish Danio rerio is an important model system for drug discovery and to study cardiovascular development. Using a laser-scanning confocal microscope, we have developed a non-invasive method of measuring cardiac performance in zebrafish embryos and larvae that obtains cardiovascular parameters similar to those obtained using Doppler echocardiography in mammals. A laser scan l...