Thyroid imaging is indicated to evaluate congenital hypothyroidism during newborn screening or in cases of a palpable thyroid mass in children and adolescents. This pictorial essay reviews the ultrasonography (US) of thyroid diseases in children and adolescents, including normal thyroid gland development, imaging features of congenital thyroid disorders (dysgenesis, [aplasia, ectopy, hypoplasia...

Maenpaa, J. (1972). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 47, 914. Congenital hypothyroidism: aetiological and clinical aspects. In 67 patients with congenital hypothyroidism radioiodide tests, including thyroid scintigraphy, were used to study the aetiology. Athyrosis was found in 5 boys and 16 girls (31 %), maldevelopment of thyroid gland in 1 boy and 2 girls (5%), ectopic gland in 4 boys and 20 ...

Objective To determine neonatal congenital hypothyroidism among neonates born in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore Pakistan. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at Pathology Department of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore in collaboration with Pediatrics and Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. A total of 770 babies were included in this stu...

Dyshormonogenesis is an uncommon cause of congenital hypothyroidism. The most common abnormality is absent or insufficient thyroid peroxidase enzyme. Maternal intake of antithyroid drug can also lead to elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in a neonate, albeit the scenario is temporary. We report one such interesting case where a clinically euthyroid neonate borne to a mother on antithyro...

A 6 week old girl with transient congenital hypothyroidism is described. The hypothyroidism was associated with multiple applications of povidone iodine during pregnancy and lactation. This case illustrates the potential hazard of using topical solutions containing iodine during pregnancy and lactation.

Pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic stapedial reflex thresholds (ASRTs), and auditory evoked brain stem responses (AEBRs) were carried out in 38 children with early treated congenital hypothyroidism aged 10-12 years, together with tests of vestibular function (electronystagraphy, rotational, and caloric tests). Sensorineural hearing loss with thresholds of greater than 15 dB was detect...

Hearing acuity was assessed in 45 children with sporadic congenital hypothyroidism during adequate long-term treatment. Otoscopy was performed in each and additional tympanometry in some of them. Secretory otitis media was found in 6 and was treated medically or by inserting grommets in the eardrum. In these children, hearing acuity was assessed after the otitis had been cured. Hearing acuity w...

Three patients with congenital hypothyroidism missed on routine screening due to normal low thyrotrophin concentrations in the neonatal period presented in later childhood. Clinicians should remain aware of hypothyroidism as a cause of morbidity in early childhood despite a national screening programme.