RÉSUMÉ: Dans cet article, nous proposons d’exploiter des liens sémantiques entre concepts pour améliorer la recherche d’information. Un thesaurus électronique de langue générale est utilisé pour la reformulation des requêtes utilisateurs en procédant par un processus d’"expansion prudente" en amont d’un moteur de recherche. Ce processus, transparent à l’utilisateur, exploite d’abord la notion d...

________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Context and nature of phonetic realizations in conversational speech Since a decade, research in phonetics has turned with interest to the description of large corpora of casual speech. This new field of research opens up many opportunities but asks also new questions for phoneticians. First...

Semantic lexicons are an essential resource to let many natural language process-ing applications (automatic summarization, information retrieval, automatic transla-tion, etc.) penetrate the meaning of a text. The relevance of the information gathered bythose lexicons raises a problematic question: the meaning of a word likesoap, for ex-ample, varies considerably whether it ...

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We are interested in the choice of a graph-based knowledge representation formalism that would allow for the representation, manipulation, query, and reasoning over linguistic knowledge of the Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary (ECD) of the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT). We show that neither the semantic web formalisms nor the Conceptual Graphs Formalism are suitable for this task, and we justify...

Microarrays allow monitoring of thousands of genes over time periods. However, due to the low number of time points of the gene expression series, taking the temporal dependences into account when clustering the data is an hard task. Moreover, classes very interesting for the biologist, but sparse with regard to all the other genes, can be completely omitted by the standard approaches. We propo...

The paper presents a cognitive analysis of design as a problem-solving activity. Design is characterized through results from empirical studies of various design tasks. Based on this characterization, it will be argued why and how knowledge modeling can be considered as a design task. Knowledge modeling has been qualified as the "construction of a set of successive representations". Processing ...