Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease that remains a threat for public health around the world. Although the etiological agent as well as tuberculosis pathogenesis is well known, the molecular mechanisms underlying the host defense to the bacilli remain elusive. In this paper we focus on the innate immunity of this disease reviewing well-established and consensual mechanisms like Mycoba...

We present the first study of multidimensional poverty in Benin using the consensual or socially perceived necessities approach. There is a remarkable level consensus about what constitutes the necessities of life and an adequate standard of living. Following Townsend's concept of relative deprivation, we show how social consensus provides the basis for a reliable and valid index of multiple de...

We study the dynamics of a network consisting of N diffusively coupled, stable-limit-cycle oscillators on which individual frequencies are parametrized by ωk, k = 1, . . . ,N. We introduce a learning rule which influences the ωk by driving the system towards a consensual oscillatory state in which all oscillators share a common frequency ωc. We are able to analytically calculate ωc. The network...

reputable imami jurisprudents believe that liability for involuntary manslaughter (wergild or diyah) is incumbent upon the institution called ‘āqilah (paternal kinship group of the criminal). from the very beginning, the verdict has faced challenges, including its conflict with the principle of individual criminal responsibility, which have prompted jurisprudents to offer various justifications...