The American feminist movement has twice mobilized for constitutional change. The constitutional amendment secured by the firstwave feminist movement is no longer of consequence, while the constitutional amendment sought by the second-wave feminist movement was never ratified. Yet today, courts and commentators agree that the Constitution guarantees women equality, even if that guarantee was ne...

after forty years, the act of motor vehicle compulsory insurance was amended in 1387(2008).the act has changed some areas and protected third parties rather than former act. some protections are: increasing third parties, development of sphere of insurance and acceptance of an insurance policy as a mortgage in courts. however we see some ambiguities in the late act. the article analyses changes...

In this article, we analyze how the Brazilian Act for Protection of Personal Data --- Lei Geral de Proteção Dados Pessoais (LGPD) in Portuguese can contribute to handling some situations involving post-mortem digital legacy. For that purpose, investigate aspects act concur with development software and internet applications cope users’ assets. We analyzed role LGPD legal system. The research wa...

The authors argue that the Digital Rights Management (DRM) provisions of Bill C-61– Canada's latest attempt at implementing its obligations under the WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, inter alia – is ultra vires of Parliament's enumerated powers, and unconstitutionally intrudes into the Provincial legislative sphere. The DRM provisions of Bill C-61 represent...

The question of what constitutional constraints should apply to government efforts to regulate scientific speech is frequently contrasted to the question of what constitutional constraints should apply to government efforts to regulate scientific research. This comment argues that neither question is well formulated for constitutional analysis, which should instead turn on the relationship to c...

The California Stem Cell Research and Cures Act, also called Proposition 71 [5], was a ballot initiative proposed by California voters in 2004 to allocate three billion dollars of state funds for stem cell research over ten years. Endorsed by California scientists and patient-advocates, Prop 71 passed on 2 November 2004, amending the state constitution to make stem cell research a constitutiona...

In Gonzales v. Carhart (2007), the US Supreme Court held in a five-to-four decision that the 2003 Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act [5] passed by the US Congress was constitutional. Although the Court previously ruled in Stenberg v. Carhart (2000) that a Nebraska law that prohibited partial-birth abortions [6] was unconstitutional, Gonzales reversed this decision. Gonzales created the precedent th...

In Gonzales v. Carhart (2007), the US Supreme Court held in a five-to-four decision that the 2003 Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act [5] passed by the US Congress was constitutional. Although the Court previously ruled in Stenberg v. Carhart (2000) that a Nebraska law that prohibited partial-birth abortions [6] was unconstitutional, Gonzales reversed this decision. Gonzales created the precedent th...

Recently, engineering, artistic or cultural activities received growing interest in the literature. If we call « Design theories », the constitutional definitions of « things and/or learning about these things », those activities have in common that Design theories act there as explicit and basic organizational means. Organization theories do not define « things » or « knowledge » but « relatio...

EEPING schools safe while preserving productive learning environments is an increasing concern for educators everywhere. Teachers and administrators are seeking strategies that will help students learn to act respectfully and responsibly. Researchers who are also teachers, administrators, and specialists in Michigan, Minnesota, and Oregon are documenting how the constitutional language of right...