the aim of this paper is to minimize output phase noise for the pure signal synthesis in the frequency synthesizers. for this purpose, first, an exact mathematical model of phase locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is described and analyzed. then, an exact closed-form formula in terms of synthesizer bandwidth and total output phase noise is extracted. based on this formula, the phase ...

In this work a problem motivated by a real-world case from a beverage distribution firm in Mexico is addressed. Different planning criteria are taken into account in order to create acceptable territory designs. Namely, each territory needs to be compact, connected and balanced according to two attributes (number of costumers and product demand). Two GRASP based heuristics (BGRASP and TGRASP) a...

The connected vertex cover (CVC) problem is a variant of the vertex cover problem, 1 which has many important applications, such as wireless network design, routing and wavelength 2 assignment problem, etc. A good algorithm for the problem can help us improve engineering 3 efficiency, cost savings and resources in industrial applications. In this work, we present an efficient 4 algorithm GRASP-...

The purpose of the research is to investigate how a model-based design approach can facilitate the decision-making process in the early design phase. The construction client is in a key position to affect the outcome of a construction project by proper decision making during the design. Different design options can rapidly be analysed to assist the client in making informed decisions in the ear...

The current study investigated an important issue pertinent to pretraining and prior knowledge construction. It examined whether different formats of pretraining, namely, concept map and two-phase, isolated-interactive elements learning would influence the way prior knowledge was constructed. In addition, it looked into the influence of spatial ability on pretraining and prior knowledge constru...

Resource construction employment grew rapidly during the investment phase of the resources boom. However, both investment and employment in the resources sector peaked in 2013 and are expected to decline over coming years. A range of sources suggest that the earlier increase in resource construction employment largely drew on workers with experience in other types of construction, and that dema...

Overruns to planned schedules are common in civil construction projects worldwide. Yet, the construction industry fails to recognize the criticality of the problem; and whilst models have been developed, their lack of adequate sophistication fails to alleviate the problem. Additionally, there is resistance from construction professionals to use such models due to the lack of software integratio...

the present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of occupational accidents and frequency and severity of work related accidents in the construction industry among iranian insured workers during the years 20072011.the iranian social security organization (isso) accident database containing 21,864 cases between the years 2007-2011 was applied in this study. in the next step, total accid...