Modulation instability of a continuous infrared wave leading to red-shifting solitons and blue-shifting dispersive waves and then subsequent soliton trapping is shown to enable the generation of blue solitary waves in optical fibers. The physical mechanism is described in the context of continuous wave supercontinuum generation leading to a spectrum which spans the visible and near infrared wit...

We state the fractional Fourier transform and the continuous fractional wave packet transform as ways for analyzing persistent signals such as almost periodic functions and strong limit power signals. We construct frame decompositions for almost periodic functions using these two transforms. Also a norm equality of this signal is given using the continuous fractional wave packet transform.

We demonstrate an electrically pumped high contrast grating (HCG) VCSEL operating at 1550 nm incorporating a proton implant-defined aperture. Output powers of >1 mW are obtained at room temperature under continuous wave operation. Devices operate continuous wave at temperatures exceeding 60 degrees C. The novel device design, which is grown in a single epitaxy step, may enable lower cost long w...

BACKGROUND This study compared root canal sealing ability, filled by Continuous Wave compaction and two carrier-based obturation systems, using the nuclear medicine approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-five single-rooted extracted teeth were selected. The crowns were sectioned and each tooth was instrumented using rotary Protaper® Universal system. The roots were divided into 3 experimental g...