The STD experiments in Guatemala from 1946-1948 have earned a place of infamy in the history of medical ethics. But if the Guatemala STD experiments were so "ethically impossible," how did the U.S. government approve their funding? Although much of the literature has targeted the failings of Dr. John Cutler, we focus on the institutional context and research ethos that shaped the outcome of the...

the contract of marriage is the most important contract which a person may conclude during his or her life. as women are vulnerable and their commitment to the marriage is very tight, iranian legislator should protect women on the conclusion of marriage contracts in three stages; before age of puberty by prohibiting any marriage, after age of puberty but before attaining majority by judicial su...

0377-2217/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2010.03.012 * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H. Xu), shinin [email protected] (S.-h. Ma), mskklai@cityu We investigate a contract setting problem faced by a manufacturer who can procure major modules from an overseas supplier, as well as a local supplier. The overseas supplier is prime and of...

We analyze the structure and pricing of option contracts for an industrial good in the presence of spot trading. We combine the analysis of spot trading and buyers’ disparate private valuations for different suppliers’ products, and jointly endogenize the determination of three major dimensions in contract design: (i) sales contracts versus options contracts; (ii) flat-price versus volume-depen...

Recent research in e-contracts is concerned with the development of frameworks and tools to support contracts. ER framework is one that enables modelling and deployment of e-contracts. In this work, we have designed and developed a toolkit for contract visualization and enactment based on ER data model. This toolkit provides appropriate services for semiautomated contract execution starting fro...

in the islamic legal system, sale contract is regarded as among appropriative (tamlīkī) contracts, without any difference existing between the designation of the object of sale and its being wholesale (kullī). thus, there has been a considerable controversy among the jurists on the time for designation of mabī‘ (object of sale) with the presumption that mabī‘ is wholesale, which would bring abo...

We present a Theory of Contracts under costly enforcement in the context of a dynamic relationship between an uninformed buyer and a seller who is privately informed on his persistent cost at the outset. Public enforcement relies on remedies for breach. Private enforcement comes from severing relationships. We first characterize aggregate enforcement constraints ensuring that trading partners d...

The study examines two dimensions of IT outsourcing contract structure: contract specificity and flexibility. We posit that the contract structures are influenced by (a) relational elements such as prior interactions, current nature of relationship between the contracting parties, and future interactions; and by (b) the attributes of transactions such as investment specificity and task and tech...

To sustain a market for software components, component producers and consumers must agree on contracts. These contracts must specify each party’s obligations. To ensure that both sides meet their obligations, they must also agree on standards for monitoring contracts and assigning blame for contract violations. This dissertation explores these issues for contracts that specify the sequential be...