This paper is the follow on to a previous publication by the authors, which investigated the relationship between the level of neutral buoyancy (LNB) determined from the ambient sounding and the actual outflow levels using mainly CloudSat observations. The goal of the current study is to provide a more complete characterization of LNB, deep convective outflow, and convective core, and the relat...

One outstanding puzzle in wind profiler data is the tendency for vertical motions to be negative over flat terrain, especially in the convective boundarylayer (CBL)(Angevine 1997). Erroneous velocities on the order of 20-40 cm s are reported during the daytime and they virtually disappear at night. After eliminating various sources of possible measurement error, Angevine (1997) concludes with t...

[1] Interior models of a differentiated Titan with an internal ammonia-water ocean and chondritic radiogenic heat production in an undifferentiated rock + iron core have been calculated. We assume thermal and mechanical equilibrium and calculate the structure of the interior as a function of the thickness of an ice I layer on top of the ocean as well as the moment of inertia factor and the tida...

BACKGROUND Large convective volumes are recommended for online haemodiafiltration (HDF) to maximize solute removal. There has been little systematic evaluation of factors that determine convective volumes in routine clinical practice. METHODS In the present study, potential patient- and treatment-related determinants of convective volume were analysed in 235 consecutive patients on post-dilut...

A new, satellite-based methodology is developed to evaluate convective mass flux and large-scale total mass flux. To derive the convective mass flux, candidate profiles of in-cloud vertical velocity are first constructed with a simple plume model under the constraint of ambient sounding and then narrowed down to the solution that matches satellite-derived cloud top buoyancy. Meanwhile, the larg...

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Dual-frequency Radar (DPR) has operated in full scan (FS) mode both the Ku-band and Ka-band since May 2018. This FS can enable about 245 km swath dual-frequency processing for first time, whereas previous algorithms enabled narrower inner swath, having a width of approximately 125 km. paper describes classification (CSF) module newly developed DPR leve...

The longstanding problem of modeling double-mode behaviour of classical pulsators was solved with the incorporation of turbulent convection into pulsation hydrocodes. However, the reasons for the computed double-mode behaviour were never clearly identified. In our recent papers (Smolec & Moskalik 2008a,b) we showed that the double-mode behaviour results from the neglect of negative buoyancy eff...

Impulsive and convective frequencies are one of the most important subjects for evaluation of the seismic behavior of tanks. These two frequencies are defined by Housner and used for obtaining Rayleigh damping in time history analysis. ACI 350 and NZSEE standards have suggested some analytical solutions for finding convective and impulsive frequencies. These frequencies can also extract from mo...

[1] We investigate the hypothesis that the 10 km diameter dome-shaped features seen on Europa’s surface are caused by strongly temperature-dependent convection, in which upwellings form isolated diapirs or thermals. We use the observed lower limit on dome diameter of 4 km to deduce that the conductive (stagnant) lid thickness must be 5 km. Such a lid thickness implies a minimum surface heat flu...