premature rupture of membrane (prom) is one of the complications of pregnancy which is blamed for increasing the rate of cesarean. therefore, we studied pregnant women who were admitted in shariati hospital during march 1996 and march 2000, to determine the rate of cesarean delivery in cases with prom after 36th week of pregnancy (term prom). in a retrospective study, we included pregnant women...

gastric emptying is a complex and extremely variable process. this causes the unpredictability of the bioavailability of drug delivery systems. gastro retentive drug delivery systems (grdds)s have received significant interest in the past decades as they can overcome the limitation of conventional oral controlled release drug delivery systems related to fast gastric emptying time. an optimum gr...

inhalation delivery of aerosolized antibacterials is preferred over conventional methods of delivery for targeting lung infection. the present study is concerned with the development and characterization of a novel, spray dried, aerosolized, chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (pec) based microparticles containing antibacterials for the treatment of lung infections.chitosan polyelectrolyte complex...

This paper studies how mayors engage with citizens, public managers and politicians across the policy cycle specifically in four local governance processes: agenda setting, decision-making, services design delivery. Drawing from a survey of 1,067 Italian mayors, we identify clusters engagement: Centralized Leadership, Semi-Inclusive Conventional Leadership Multi-Actor Leadership. We find that s...

Modification of liposomal siRNA carriers with polyethylene glycol, i.e., PEGylation, is a generally accepted strategy for achieving in vivo stability and delivery to tumor tissue. However, PEGylation significantly inhibits both cellular uptake and the endosomal escape process of the carriers. In a previous study, we reported on the development of a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEN...

objective: this study investigated the efficacy of bupivacaine wound infusion for pain control and opioid sparing effect after cesarean delivery. materials and methods: we conducted a randomized double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial on 60 parturients undergoing cesarean section at a university hospital in tehran. patients were randomized to receive a pump infusion system that was fill...

Cytotoxic chemotherapy of cancer is limited by serious, sometimes life-threatening, side effects that arise from toxicities to sensitive normal cells because the therapies are not selective for malignant cells. So how can they be selectively improved? Alternative pharmaceutical formulations of anti-cancer agents have been investigated in order to improve conventional chemotherapy treatment. The...

Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin, which has traditionally been delivered by vial and syringe. However, for many patients, dosing inaccuracy, pain, anxiety, inconvenience, and social acceptability present barriers to this method of administration (1-5). This has contributed to the increased popularity of alternative insulin delivery systems, including pen delivery devices (4, 6). Evidence...

Present research is about the In-situ gels for site specific delivery. In the present work, formulations with chitosan, bioadhesive and permeation enhancer and gellan gum ion activable gelling polymer and temperature sensitive polymeric systems was used for In-situ geliling. The developed formulations was characterized for various in-vitro parameters e.g. clarity, pH, isotonicity, viscosity, dr...