Abstract The average global temperature has increased by approximately 0.7 °C since the last century. If current trend continues, may further increase 1.4 – 4.5 until 2100. It is estimated that air-conditioning and refrigeration systems contribute about 15% of world electrical energy demand. rapid depletion non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels associated emissions lead to development al...

COVID-19 vaccines are used worldwide to promote immunity and, in that sense, vaccination is a step forward toward ending the pandemic. Nevertheless, current must be ultra-cold or cold-stored. Vaccine coolers’ energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions lead significant environmental impact. This article predicts impacts of some vaccines: Moderna, Janssen, CoronaVac, Pfizer, AstraZeneca–Oxford–Co...