The biophysical effects of forests on climate have been extensively studied with climate models. However, models cannot accurately reproduce local climate effects due to their coarse spatial resolution and uncertainties, and field observations are valuable but often insufficient due to their limited coverage. Here we present new evidence acquired from global satellite data to analyse the biophy...

We use hydrodynamical simulations to assess the impact of radiative cooling and ‘pre-heating’ on predictions for the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect. We find that cooling significantly reduces both the mean SZ signal and its angular power spectrum. Pre-heating can give a higher mean distortion, while leaving the angular power spectrum below that found in a simulation without heating or cooling. ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of localized cooling and cooling rate on pressure-induced ischemia for people with and without neurological deficits. DESIGN A 2 × 3 mixed factorial design with two groups: (1) people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and (2) people without neurological deficits (control), and three test conditions: (1) pressure only, (2) pressure with fast cooling (-4°C/min),...

We present results of transport properties measurement on a single crystal of V3Si showing distinct signature of peak-effect in its vortex state. The field variation of the electrical resistance in the flux-line lattice prepared by different experimental path, namely zero field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC), shows a distinct path dependence in the vicinity of the peak-effect regime. In t...

A high-quality encapsulation process is crucial to ensuring the performance and long-term reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules. In crystalline Si technology-based modules, poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) is the most widely used PV encapsulant. Its encapsulation process is usually performed in a flat-bed vacuum bag laminator. In certain types of laminators, cooling press can be applie...

We present a simple approach to understand the effect of neutrino magnetic moment on neutron star cooling. We find that a neutrino magnetic moment less than (0.2×10−12−8.5×10−10)μB is enough to explain the longer cooling times of anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters compared to ordinary neutron stars.

Twelve human volunteers were studied to determine the effect of eye surface cooling on the parameters of the light reflex. Surface cooling resulted in a 38% decrease in the maximum constriction velocity and a 36% decrease in the maximum redilation velocity. These changes were thought to be the result of a "sluggish" response of the pupillary sphincter.