BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis, candidal, trichomonal and Gonococcal vaginal infections are a major health problems associated with gynecologic complications and increase in replication, shedding and transmission of HIV and other STIs in women of reproductive age. The study aimed at determining the prevalence of common vaginal infections and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of aerobic bact...

Purple Urine Bag Syndrome (PUBS) refers to the purple discoloration of urine and is commonly observed in bed ridden patients with long-term urinary catheters. Although typically benign, the purple discoloration is alarming to both the patients and their attendants. This case report presents an uncommon case of PUBS in a 60-year-old lady with hypertension, type II diabetes, and chronic kidney di...

About 40 years ago, invasive prenatal diagnosis techniques were introduced in obstetrics. Initially, amniocentesis was performed followed by placentacentesis, fetoscopy, fetal blood sampling (FBS), and chorionic villus sampling (CVS). These procedures, while invading the uterine environment, have made it possible to proceed with the retrieval of biological tissue of fetal origin for analysis an...

AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of honey on clinically scoring grades of oral mucositis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This interventional study was carried out in Radiation Oncology Department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. In this study, 82 patients of both genders, of head and neck cancer, planned for radiotherapy, were divided into two groups by random sampling numbers. Patients in...

In vitro cell model studies have shown that oxidative stress may affect beta-cell function. It is unknown whether oxidative stress may affect metabolic health in human fetuses/newborns. In a singleton pregnancy cohort (n = 248), we studied maternal (24-28 weeks gestation) and cord plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), F2-isoprostanes] in relation to fetal metabolic healt...

OBJECTIVE To provide maternity care providers and their patients with current evidence-based guidelines for maternal risk/benefit counselling for a prenatally identified at-risk pregnancy that requires ultrasound-guided prenatal diagnostic procedures and/or techniques for a genetic diagnosis and for subsequent pregnancy management decisions on questions such as level of obstetrical care provide...

Objective: To provide family practitioners, obstetricians, and geneticists with guidelines and recommendations for prenatal diagnosis. Options: These guidelines apply to non-invasive screening techniques (including maternal serum screening and ultrasound) and to invasive techniques (including amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling). Outcomes: Improved prenatal diagnosis of congenital abnor...

OBJECTIVE To review the risk of in utero infection through prenatal invasive procedures in women with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. OUTCOMES Fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. EVIDENCE Published literature was retrieved through searches of Medline, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library using appropriate controlled vocabulary (amniocentes...

Thyrotoxicosis affects 1-3.5% of all pregnancies and its major cause is gestational hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease, less common – multinodular toxic goiter and toxic adenoma, and rare – subacute or silent thyroiditis and struma ovarii. Gestational hyperthyroidism is a transient form of thyrotoxicosis caused by excessive stimulation of thyroid gland by hCG and usually limited to the first 1...

In the present work, an inversion technique to solve the atmospheric source characterization problem is described. The inverse problem comprises characterizing the source (x, y and z coordinates and the source strength) and the meteorological conditions (wind speed and wind direction) at the source, given certain receptor locations and the concentration values at these receptor locations. A sim...