A widespread depolarization in the dendritic trees of cortical pyramidal neurons generates surface-negative potentials. In turn, such potentials may indicate facilitatory processes, while positive-going waves may result from a lowering in cortical excitability. Accordingly, we may expect the processing of "probe" stimuli presented during surface-positive waves, i.e., during phases of lesser exc...

Previous studies (Gwatkin, Williams, Hartmann & Kniazuk, 1973) showed that the zona reaction of the hamster ovum is produced by a cortical granule protease, which inactivates the species-specific receptor-for-spermatozoa located in the zona pellucida. This receptor was earlier shown to be sensitive to low concentrations of pancreatic trypsin (Hartmann & Gwatkin, 1971). Several years ago Austin ...

By some accounts, the human emotional brain seems to extend up from the amygdala, whereas the emotional brain of nonhuman animals seems to extend from the amygdala down. Affective neuroscience studies of humans have tended to focus on particular regions of the neocortex and adjacent structures (e.g., prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and amygdala in the temporal lobe). By comparison, affecti...

CONTEXT Converging evidence from electrophysiological studies suggests that in individuals with schizophrenia, electroencephalographic frontal fast oscillations are reduced. It is still unclear whether this reduction reflects an intrinsic deficit of underlying cortical/thalamocortical circuits and whether this deficit is specific for frontal regions. Recent electrophysiological studies in healt...

Contingent negative variation (CNV) is a slow negative cortical potential shift, which occurs during a warned foreperiod reaction time paradigm. Most studies of evoked potentials have concentrated on components occurring during the first 300 msec, although there are important and recordable aspects of signal processing occurring well beyond 300 msec e.g. late negative slow wave. CNV has proven ...

Here we describe the identification of a novel 37-kD actin monomer binding protein in budding yeast. This protein, which we named twinfilin, is composed of two cofilin-like regions. In our sequence database searches we also identified human, mouse, and Caenorhabditis elegans homologues of yeast twinfilin, suggesting that twinfilins form an evolutionarily conserved family of actin-binding protei...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The distribution of brain interleukin-6 (IL-6) may be asymmetrical both in cortex and hippocampus. While the brain asymmetry has been extensively investigated, the cellular origin of asymmetrical cytokine induction in the cortex has not been addressed. It was hypothesized that the immune function of glia cell to the inflammatory insults is asymmetrically distributed in t...