We design a new scheduling policy to minimize the general non-decreasing cost function of age information (AoI) in multiuser system. In this system, base station stochastically generates time-sensitive packets and transmits them corresponding user equipments via an unreliable channel. first formulate transmission problem as average constrained Markov decision process problem. Through introducin...

Aims Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a vastly under-diagnosed genetic disorder, associated with early development of coronary heart disease and premature mortality which can be substantially reduced by effective treatment. Patents have recently expired on high-intensity statins, reducing FH treatment costs. We build a model using UK data to estimate the cost effectiveness of DNA testing ...

In brachioradial pruritus and notalgia paraesthetica, the 8% capsaicin patch is a novel and effective, but cost-intense, therapy. Routine data for 44 patients were collected 6 months retrospectively and prospectively to first patch application. The cost to health insurance and the patient, and patient-reported outcomes were analysed (visual analogue scale, numerical rating scale, verbal rating ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate the annual cost per treated patient for the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers, etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients covered by Medicaid. METHODS The MarketScan Medicaid Multistate Database was used to identify adult RA patients who used etanercept, adalimumab, or infliximab (index agents) from 2007...

Information filtering is an area of research that develops tools for discriminating between relevant and irrelevant information. Users first give descriptions about what they need, i.e., user profiles represented by a set of keywords, to start the services. A profile index is built on these profiles. Then, the Web page will be recommended to the users whose profiles belong to the filtered resul...

• The CAWR patient population was defined by adopting the approach described in DeNoto et al, 20135 • A cohort of patients with CAWR during inpatient stays between1/1/08 and 6/30/11 (Index event) were followed for 12 months. • Related complications, returns for facility-based care and related costs were evaluated during the index hospitalization and for 30-60-90-365 days after discharge. • Insu...

Adaptive indexing is characterized by the partial creation and refinement of the index as side effects of query execution. Dynamic or shifting workloads may benefit from preliminary index structures focused on the columns and specific key ranges actually queried — without incurring the cost of full index construction. The costs and benefits of adaptive indexing techniques should therefore be co...

The clinical accuracy of diagnostic tests commonly is assessed by ROC analysis. ROC plots, however, do not directly incorporate the effect of prevalence or the value of the possible test outcomes on test performance, which are two important factors in the practical utility of a diagnostic test. We describe a new graphical method, referred to as a prevalence-value-accuracy (PVA) plot analysis, w...

| The eecient execution of queries in object-oriented databases requires the design of spe-ciic indexing techniques, to eeciently deal with predicates against nested attributes or against class inheritance hierarchies. Indexing techniques so far proposed can be classiied into three groups: inheritance indexing techniques, whose goal is to support queries along inheritance hierarchies; aggregati...