This research proposes a preemptive fuzzy goal programming model for multi-objective multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem. The objectives of the problem are minimization of the total time and the total cost of the project. Objective in a multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem is often a minimization of makespan. However, both time and cost should be con...

abstract the objective of this study is evaluation of government’s optimum combination of policy instruments on per capita consumption of bread and the share of this product in food cost of families in different income classes. the minimization of changes in dead weight loss function is used in this study. by using boot strop method and on base of normal distribution for supply elasticity and d...

Purification and minimization methods for computation of the one-particle density matrix are compared. This is done by considering the work needed by each method to achieve a given accuracy in terms of the difference to the exact solution. Simulations employing orthogonal as well as non-orthogonal versions of the methods are performed using both element magnitude and cutoff radius based truncat...

This paper describes how the concept of imposing geometric constraints by minimizing cost functions may be utilized and extended to accomplish a variety of animated modeling tasks for computer graphics. In this approach a complex 3-D geometric problem is mapped into a scalar minimization formulation. The mapping provides a straightforward method for converting abstract geometric concepts into a...

Cost functions formulated in four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) are nonsmooth in the presence of discontinuous physical processes (i.e., the presence of ‘‘on–off’’ switches in NWP models). The adjoint model integration produces values of subgradients, instead of gradients, of these cost functions with respect to the model’s control variables at discontinuous points. Minimiza...