this manuscript illustrates how the human resource management concept of employee empowerment likely has benefits in both developed and developing economies. studies in the hospitality sector and the manufacturing sector in canada, india, and turkey show that, in general, empowering supervisory behaviors, such as transformational leadership, increase feelings of psychological empowerment of emp...

car accidents are documented as a growing public health problem in iran as well as other developing countries. generally growing number of population and vehicles are not accompanied by extending road construction programs. these could be result in high death, disability, and economic loss in such country compare to develop one. this mainly affected young person who are economically more active...