In this paper we defend a new empirical measure for Autonomy Freedom. We also argument that Autonomy Freedom is the most appropriate metric of freedom in socio-economical contexts. Firstly, we explain what Autonomy is, by surveying the related literature. This exercise will show that Autonomy is indeed the most adequate framework to capture the notion of freedom in its full understanding. Then,...

This paper analyses what kind of coordination between cells is necessary when using cellular manufacture compared to a production situation that is functionally organized. Three levels of coordination are distinguished: internal, horizontal and vertical. Two types of relations between units are considered: sequential and lateral. It is shown that there is a change in coordination requirement if...

This paper attempts to explain the growth slowdown in Japan as a structural adjustment to the emergence of lower cost producers of manufacture goods. Prior to the 1990s Japan had achieved significant market power and hence profitability in producing various manufacture goods. This profitability led to an allocation of resources towards this sector; indeed, the fraction of resources in the manuf...

background: masske is a traditional iranian butter made from yoghurt. the first aim of this study was to isolate and identify the nonlactic pathogenic microflora by culture and molecular methods of identification, and the second purpose was to identify genetic similarity of the isolated bacteria in masske. materials and methods: in order to detect pathogenic dominant indicator microorganisms, a...

The customized multiple arrays are becoming vastly used in microarray experiments for varies purposes, mainly for its ability to handle a large quantity of data and output high quality results. However, experimenters who use customized multiple arrays still face many problems, such as the cost and time to manufacture the masks, and the cost for production of the multiple arrays by costly machin...

Previous economic evaluations for health care have focused mainly on the clinical and pharmacological areas. This paper presents the implementation of a methodology for economic evaluation on technological research. The case of a new prosthetics design for partial foot amputee patients was used for analysis. The aim of this work was to calculate the cost of device manufacture and to separate it...