The original Tarasoff decision created a duty for California psychotherapists to warn potential victims of their patients. After rehearing the matter two years later, the California Supreme Court, in the landmark second Tarasoff decision, changed the duty to warn to a duty to protect potential victims, with warning as only one of the options for discharging that duty. Despite this change, the T...

Civil plaintiffs frequently seek monetary compensation for their psychological injuries. Despite the increased study of psychological injury within the legal system, there has been little empirical examination of how psychological injury evidence impacts legal decisions. To illuminate what is known (and not known) on this topic, this paper reviews legal and empirical research regarding how lega...

DNA plays an indispensable role in modern law enforcement, and courts uniformly find that DNA extraction statutes targeting criminals satisfy the Fourth Amendment. Courts differ on which Fourth Amendment test--totality of the circumstances or special needs--ought to be employed in this context. This Note concludes that courts should apply Samson v. California's less stringent totality of the ci...

There is an overall legitimacy crisis in courts. The sources of this crisis have, to a large extent, been misconstrued. While there has been significant writing depicting the diminished quality, effectiveness, and fairness of courts, these phenomena have, for the most part, been viewed as distinct problems that warrant discrete solutions. This article shows that these problems are all manifesta...

In this article, the author analyzes main functions of artificial intelligence in courts: such as organizing data, consulting, and forecasting. addition, article discusses principles applying judicial practice from a scientific point view: ethical principles, principle respect for human rights, equality, data security, transparency, user control over intelligence. Along with above, thoroughly s...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a great approach used for measuring relative efficiencies and performance of a collection of Decision Making Units (DMUs). These used in the various forms, such as hospitals, universities, air force, banks, courts, business firms, and others, including the performance of countries, regions, etc. One of the earliest applications of DEA called Education. It was ...

Judgment aggregation is a recent formal discipline that studies how to aggregate individual judgments on logically connected propositions to form collective decisions on the same propositions. Despite the apparent simplicity of the problem, the aggregation of individual judgments can result in an inconsistent outcome. This seriously troubles this research field. Expert panels, legal courts, boa...

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 966 I. THE JUDICIAL FEDERALISM DEBATE ............................................... 967 A. Evolution of Judicial Federalism in the United States ............ 967 B. The Arguments in the Dependent-Independent Debate .......... 969 II. ANALYZING THE LOCKSTEP DOCTRINE IN ILLINOIS JURISPRUDENCE .......

INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 374 I. TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES VERSUS INFORMATION SERVICES ....................................................................................... 380 A. The Supreme Court Endorses Cable Modem Internet Access as an Information Service............................................. 382 B. DSL Migrat...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the appropriateness legislative regulation protection a member an independent administrative body exercising public oversight over certain agenda or institution in event that it makes illegal factually incorrect decision, terms practical problems raises. Put simply, question who watching watchdog. If gatekeeper complicit decision maladministration, will drive...