The objective of the following paper is to describe a new technology for large volume and double freezing of semen in 12 mL test tubes. Semen from two different bulls was frozen with a new technique using 12 mL test tubes and was refrozen after thawing in mini straws. All freezing was done in a "Multi thermal gradient" (MTG) freezing apparatus, which moves the container at a constant velocity (...

—For salmonids that exhibit multiple life history forms within a single population, it may be necessary to evaluate the inconsistencies associated with population monitoring techniques. We compared mark– resight population estimates with those based on annual redd counts for bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in eastern Oregon. Our data suggest that across years, the trends in population estimat...

Four hundred twenty-seven of 441 adult Holstein dairy cattle from a 1,200-cow dairy died over a 1-week period during early spring 1998. Affected animals were from 4 late lactation pens, one of which included the bull string. Signs included weakness, recumbency, watery diarrhea, and death. Eighty animals from the 4 pens were dead approximately 8 hours after the first ill cows were noted. Affecte...

Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis, caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv), is regarded as one of the major threats to the cattle industry around the world. Abortion and infertility are two important reproductive problems in cows infected with C. fetus subsp. venerealis. Reports on the presence of Cfv are scarce in the cattle, in Iran. Therefore, the present study was designed to...

Four multiparous, ruminally fistulated Angus x Hereford cows (average BW = 568 kg) were bred to the same bull and used to monitor periparturient changes in DMI, ruminal capacity, and digestion and fermentation characteristics. Cows were individually fed alfalfa hay (16.0% CP, 51.3% NDF) at 130% of the average DMI of the previous 5-d period. Ruminal capacity and DM fill were measured once every ...

BACKGROUND Natural heterologous valved conduits with a diameter greater than 22 mm that can be used for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in adults are not commercially available. The purpose of this study was to measure by ultrasonography the maximum diameter of the distended jugular veins of horses and cattle, respectively, to identify a population of animals that would be suitab...

we live in a world,that is based on these conflicts! this is contrary to the broad meaning of the rituals of ancient persia, even though in zoroastrianism this conflict(spenta mino and ankrah mino) have established the creations .lion and bull dispute, one of the oldest iranian art motifs are used. the authors choose the baisonghor’s kalila wa dimna and the scene at persepolis:killing the bull ...

The CXCR1 gene plays an important role in the innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) CXCR1c.735C>G and c.980A>G and udder health have been identified before in small populations. A fluorescent multiprobe PCR assay was designed specifically and validated to genotype both SNP simultaneously in a reliable and cost-effective manner. I...

Invasions of gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy cows may affect animals productivity. The most frequently detected internal parasite of dairy cattle is Ostertagia ostertagi. The objective of this study was to determine O. ostertagi invasion extensiveness in selected herds of dairy cattle, with special consideration to cows being in the first lactation, and to analyze the milk yield and content...