(This is part 2, continued from “Use of harsh Wafer Probing to Evaluate Traditional Bond Pad Structures”). Goals for circuit under pad (CUP) in aluminum – silicon dioxide (Al – SiO2) based IC pad structures include the design of metal interconnects in all layers beneath the pad Al, and the ability to withstand harsh probing and wirebonding stress without SiO2 cracking, without deforming or bend...

In our installation at AB Sandvik Materials Technology, we have shown that by using a nondestructive UWB Radar technique it is possible to visualize in real-time the ongoing process inside the furnace behind a 0.5 m thick ceramic wall. Since the operating temperature inside the furnace is 1200 C, there is today no other known method capable of visualizing the process for the operator of the fu...

Ethylene yield is significant in showing the performance of steam cracker furnace olefin plant. This study was conducted actual large-scale plant to see impact various variables towards ethylene yield. The analysis utilizing Regression Analysis Minitab Software Version 18 develop a reliable model. model concluded that studied contributed by factor -0.000901, 0.02649, -0.282, 0.16, -0.0834, 0.12...

As a valuable byproduct of iron-making process, blast furnace slag contains tremendous amount of sensible heat. Granulation of blast furnace slag is the first step for its heat recovery. Due to environmental and energy issues, dry centrifugal granulation has received a considerable amount of attention. However, the flight dynamics of blast furnace slag, which is of great importance for size des...

Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn behaviour during sewage sludge incineration was investigated in seven pilot tests using a circulating fluidised bed furnace. Dewatered sludge at a solids concentration of 15-18% was fed to the furnace either alone (two tests) or spiked with chlorinated organic compounds (five tests). The behaviour of metals in the fluidised bed furnace was studied by comparing metal c...

Research is made into the fuzzy control of electrode regulator systems of submerged electrical arc ferrosilicon furnace EAF. The equations of the electrode currents and furnace resistances are derived based on certain model for the submerged arc ferrosilicon furnace. This model takes into consideration the walls of furnace and the heat losses into external medium in addition to the heat transfe...

An algorithm has been developed for the non-destructive determination of local thickness of the refractory material walls in smelter furnaces. This method uses measurements of temperature and heat flux at a number of points on the outer (fixed) surface of the furnace and assumes that the inner (guessed) surface of the furnace wall is isothermal. The temperature field is then predicted in the fu...

Absrract This paper presents a practical application of the conventional multi-loop control method for the temperature control of a television glass furnace. To control the temperature of the TV glass furnace, major input-output variables are selected, and simple FirstOrder-Plus-Dead-Time(F0PDT)models are established with the process experimental data. Based on the FOPDT models, a multi-loop. c...

Modern trends in iron metallurgy. Global carbon emissions from iron production. New solution for iron and steelmaking in a way reduce the CO2 emission to the level, where this might be needed in the post Kyoto period. New blast furnace technology, which operate with very low CO2 emissions based on drastically reduced consumption of carbon containing input materials. Injection of reducing gases ...

Brittle materials propagate opening cracks under tension. When stress increases beyond a critical magnitude, then quasistatic crack propagation becomes unstable. In the presence of several precracks, a brittle material always propagates only the weakest crack, leading to catastrophic failure. Here, we show that all these features of brittle fracture are fundamentally modified when the material ...