Upper cross syndrome is a postural dysfunction that can cause variety of upper-body musculoskeletal problems. Early detection and physiotherapy help to prevent further complications. However, no systematic review has evaluated the effect various intervention strategies treat this syndrome. Therefore, study aims conduct detailed methodological literature search most effective treatment available...

Included among various forms of craniovertebral congenital defects, known generally as spinal dysraphism or myelodysplasia, is a little described condition produced by the conus medullaris being tethered within the confines of the sacrum, usually by a lipomatous growth. Diagnosis may be difficult and is often not considered by clinicians in spite of characteristic clinical and radiographic appe...

UNLABELLED Craniovertebral anomalies are rare causes of vertebral artery dissection. Therefore, appropriate evaluation is necessary in vertebrobasilar strokes, specially in the young. This is particularly true for patients with vertebral stroke without risk factors. RESULTS Here we report a 24-year-old male presenting with posterior circulation infarcts. The patient had no obvious vascular ri...

Neurological disorders associated with spina bifida are usually either present at birth or arise in early life. There are two main types. First, lesions of the cauda equina; secondly, lesions at the foramen magnum. Occasionally, symptoms do not make their appearance until adult life and then the developmental nature of the disorder may not be recognized. We propose to give an account of two pat...