BACKGROUND Young and elderly drivers are reported to have markedly greater crash rates than drivers of other ages, but they travel less frequently and represent a minority of road users. Consequently, many crashes involving young or elderly drivers also involve drivers of middle age ranges who travel more frequently. PURPOSE To examine crash rates of young and elderly drivers, controlling for...

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability. The role of red cell distribution width (RDW) as a prognostic biomarker for outcome in TBI patients is unknown. Based on the corticosteroid randomization after significant head injury (CRASH) trial database, a prognosis calculator (CRASH) has been developed for outcome prediction in TBI. The objectives of this s...

We evaluated the impact of a variety of motorcycle crash related factors, including crash type, speed limit, highway type, demographics, alcohol involvement and helmet use, on the likelihood of being hospitalized for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent injury severity and hospital resource utilization. Helmet use was found to have a strong protective effect on the likelihood of TBI acro...

car body lightening and crashworthiness are two important objectives of car design. due to their excellent performance, composite materials are extensively used in the car industries. in addition, reducing the weight of vehicle is effective in decreasing the fuel consumption. hat shape energy absorber is used in car’s doors for side impact protection. the aim of these numerical models and exper...

QTL hotspots (genomic locations affecting many traits) are a common feature in genetical genomics studies, and are biologically interesting since they may harbor critical regulators. Therefore, statistical procedures to assess the significance of hotspots are of key importance. One approach, randomly allocating observed QTLs across the genomic locations separately by trait, implicitly assumes a...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the three causes of death that has had the highest increase in the last 20 years. The increasing CKD burden occurs in the context of lack of access of most of the world population to adequate healthcare and an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of CKD. However, CKD is not homogeneously distributed. CKD hotspots are defined as countries, region, c...

Protecting hotspots of marine species richness may not be an effective strategy to conserve biodiversity because these sites do not coincide with hotspots of functional and phylogenetic diversity.

Introduction: This study presents a classification tree based alternative to crash frequency analysis for analyzing crashes on mid block segments of multilane arterials. Method: The traditional approach of modeling counts of crashes that occur over a period of time works well for intersection crashes where each intersection itself provides a well defined unit over which to aggregate the crash d...

Because of the fact that vehicle crash tests are complex and complicated experiments it is advisable to establish their mathematical models. This paper contains an overview of the kinematic and dynamic relationships of a vehicle in a collision. There is also presented basic mathematical model representing a collision together with its analysis. The main part of this paper is devoted to methods ...

Results: Crash frequencies are tabulated with particular reference to (a) different ages of motorcyclist, (b) the metropolitan versus non-metropolitan distinction, (c) single and multiple vehicle crashes, and (d) gender of motorcyclist. Each analysis showed a similar trend in crash frequency for age groups, with younger riders (16-29yrs) declining in crash frequency, the intermediate age group ...