This study examines the utility of grammatical ephemeral random constants, and conducts an analysis of the preferences of evolutionary search when a number of different grammar based constant generation methods are provided with Grammatical Evolution. Three constant generation techniques are supplied, namely, grammatical ephemeral random constants, digit concatenation, and an expression based a...

A closure is a representation of a thread in memory, ready to be executed. The goal of this work is to create portable closures that can be transferred across binary incompatible architectures. Consequently, indolent closures are software-implemented, and rely on a copy mechanism which allows for potential data representation conversion on-the-fly. Indolent closure creation optimizes the curren...

To comprehend and cope with our environment we develop mental patterns or concepts of meaning. The purpose of this paper is to sketch out how we destroy and create these patterns to permit us to both shape and be shaped by a changing environment. In this sense, the discussion also literally shows why we cannot avoid this kind of activity if we intend to survive on our own terms. The activity is...

Incomplete data is present in many study contents. This incomplete or uncollected data information is named as missing data (values), and considered as vital problem for various researchers. Even this missing data problem is faced more in air pollution monitoring stations, where data is collected from multiple monitoring stations widespread across various locations. In literature, various imput...

We give here the proof that pair creation in a time dependent potentials is possible. It happens with probability one if the potential changes adiabatically in time and becomes overcritical, that is when an eigenvalue enters the upper spectral continuum. The potential may be assumed to be zero at large negative and positive times. The rigorous treatment of this effect has been lacking since the...

Program Structure The visible structure of a complete program is created by the complex plans that make up this final form. Knowledge about this structure, in the form of program and function templates, was used by Anderson et al. (1984) to explain the process of program design. Templates are powerful design tools, but their internal structure is hidden. The decisions and dependencies that crea...

Many consider that Evolution and Creation are alternatives and therefore that one must make a choice between these two explanations of the natural world. This difficulty has dogged the debate since Darwin presented his explanation of the multiplicity and development of species in the 19th C. and even before. The issue has therefore become polarised and often the subject of bitter controversy. H...

The spliceosome was in its heyday... the ribosome not yet proven to be a ribozyme...microRNAs, lncRNAs, et al. lurking out of sight. The survivors of previous RNA processing get-togethers (starting in 1974 at Brookhaven), gathering in Keystone in 1994, speculated that since there was a (financially successful and media-savvy) Protein Society, why not RNA? And if an RNA Society, why not an RNA j...