Changes in membrane current in response to an elevation of [Na]i were studied in enzymatically dispersed frog atrial cells. Na loading by either intracellular dialysis or exposure to the Na ionophore monensin produces changes in membrane current that resemble the "creep currents" originally observed in cardiac Purkinje fibers during exposure to low-K solutions. Na loading induces a transient ou...

The effect of chemical treatment at fiber–plastic interface and fiber loading level on creep property of bamboo fiber high-density polyethylene (BF/HDPE) composites was investigated. For single modifier systems, the use of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MA) as a coupling agent helped reduce the creep and achieved the optimum effect at the 5.7% loading level. The addition of either ...

When an anisotropic material is subject to creep conditions and a complex state of stress, an anisotropic creep damage behavior is observed. Previous research has focused on the anisotropic creep damage behavior of isotropic materials but few constitutive models have been developed for anisotropic creeping solids. This paper describes the development of a new anisotropic tertiary creep damage c...

[1] The characterization of time-dependent brittle creep, promoted by chemically active pore fluids, is fundamental to our understanding of the long-term evolution and dynamics of the Earth’s crust. Here we report results from a study of the influence of temperature on both short-term strength and time-dependent brittle creep in three sandstones under triaxial stress conditions. We show that an...

The creep aging behaviors of retrogressed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy were studied by uniaxial tensile creep tests at 140 ◦C. The effects of creep aging time and applied stress on microstructures and properties of the studied alloy were investigated by using transmission electron microscope (TEM), hardness, and corrosion resistance tests. Results show that the effects of the creep aging process on micros...

It has been suggested that the endurance of cemented femoral reconstructions in total hip arthroplasty is affected by the creep of acrylic cement, but it is not known to what extent cement creeps under loading conditions in vivo, or how this affects load transfer. We have simulated the long-term creep properties of acrylic cement in finite-element models of femoral stem constructs and analysed ...

S U M M A R Y We present a model of localized, aseismic fault creep during the full interseismic period, including both transient and steady fault creep, in response to a sequence of imposed coseismic slip events and tectonic loading. We consider the behaviour of models with linear viscous, non-linear viscous, rate-dependent friction, and rateand state-dependent friction fault rheologies. Both ...

Concrete, the solid that forms at room temperature from mixing Portland cement with water, sand, and aggregates, suffers from time-dependent deformation under load. This creep occurs at a rate that deteriorates the durability and truncates the lifespan of concrete structures. However, despite decades of research, the origin of concrete creep remains unknown. Here, we measure the in situ creep b...

Background—The creep-fatigue properties of stainless steel 316 are of interest because of the wide use of this material in demanding service environments, such as the nuclear industry. Need—A number of models exist to describe creep-fatigue behaviours, but they are limited by the need to obtain specialized coefficients from a large number of experiments, which are time-consuming and expensive. ...

Cyclic plasticity and creep are the primary design considerations of 1 and 2 stage gas turbine blades. Directionally-solidified (DS) Ni-base materials have been developed to provide (1) greater creep ductility and (2) lower minimum creep rate in solidification direction compared to other directions. Tracking the evolution of deformation in DS structures necessitates a constitutive model having ...