This article investigates the mechanism behind the creeping of sodium chloride induced by additives. Here, an experimental approach is complemented with theoretical considerations to describe how creeping patterns of brine evolve and how the introduction of additives into the solution affects the morphology of the resultant crystals. We have found that these additives cause kinetic roughening a...

The creeping flow of a dilute (0.025 wt%) monodisperse polystyrene/polystyrene Boger fluid through a 4 : 1 : 4 axisymmetric contraction/expansion is experimentally observed for a wide range of Deborah numbers. Pressure drop measurements across the orifice plate show a large extra pressure drop that increases monotonically with Deborah number above the value observed for a similar Newtonian flui...

The effect of stress diffusivity is examined in both the Oldroyd-B and FENE-P models of a viscoelastic fluid in the low Reynolds (Stokes) limit for a 2D periodic time-dependent flow. A local analytic solution can be obtained when assuming a flow of the form u =Wi (x, y), whereWi is the Weissenberg number. In this case the width of the birefringent strand of the polymer stress scales with the ad...

Motivated by the three-dimensional serpentine channel (Liu et al. in J Microelectromech Syst 9:190–197, 2000), we introduce a chaotic serpentine mixer (CSM) and demonstrate a systematic way of utilizing a mapping method to find out an optimal set of design variables for the CSM. One periodic unit of the mixer has been designed to create two streamlines portraits crossing each other. As a prelim...

Printed on recycled paper SUMMER 2001 24 A Healthy Ecosystem Inconsistent performance of biological control strategies for turfgrass disease control has limited the adoption of this technology into IPM programs. A major contributing factor to this variable performance in agricultural systems is the cultivar to which biological control organisms are applied. In a recent study, our goal was to de...

A 53-year-old woman developed an intensely pruritic rash on the plantar aspect of her right foot within 1 week of returning from a vacation in Jamaica, where she had walked barefoot on the beach (Fig. 1). The pattern revealed a classic serpiginous, elevated, erythematous lesion consistent with cutaneous larva migrans (CLM). CLM is the most common travel-associated dermatological infection prese...

Places are inherently dynamic. The boundaries of administrative regions (e.g., provinces and countries) and natural regions (e.g., coastlines, ecosystems, mountains, ice sheets, tectonic plates) can alter over time, as can their names. Cities have a daily influx and egress of people and vehicles, buildings go up and down, streets sometimes get repaired, added, etc. Even when a place persists, i...

Q: People often blame unseasonal weather on climate change. Could you please explain the difference between weather and climate? A: Weather is what we see hourto-hour and day-to-day, and weather forecasts can tell us if it will rain, say, tomorrow afternoon, but because the weather is innately chaotic, forecasts for longer than 10 days are extremely poor. Climate is different. It is an average ...

From an analysis of tangent spherical drops in straining flow, Baldessari and Leal conclude that the drop-scale internal circulation, driven by the ambient flow, has a negligible influence on the drainage of the thin liquid film between drops under small-deformation conditions [F. Baldessari, L.G. Leal, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 289 (2005) 262]. However, their conclusion is incorrect as explain...

Abstract Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is characterized by persistent inflammation and ulcerations at the small or large bowel, provoking chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Adipose tissue (AT) believed to play an active role in pathogenesis of CD, as expansion mesenteric fat attached inflamed segments intestine, also known “creeping fat,” a hallmark that seems be directly related activi...