Given the well-known difficulties in defining and detecting fatigue, it is a real challenge to incorporate it into either traffic or criminal law. Finnish traffic law forbids fatigued driving "only" on a general level concerning the driver's fitness to drive. We present several comments from Finnish traffic and local police officers regarding their own experiences of driving while fatigued. The...

The recent emergence of vibrant markets in 'new psychoactive substances' or 'legal highs' has posed significant new challenges for drug policy. These partly concern what to do about them but the speed and complexity of change has also raised difficulties for how policy responses should be developed. Existing drug policy systems appear too slow and cumbersome to keep up with the pace of change, ...

A criminal defendant has a constitutional right to a “meaningful opportunity to present a complete defense.” Grounded in several different constitutional provisions, this right has been invoked as a defense to criminal charges in a variety of contexts and has been sustained by the Supreme Court on several occasions. Probably no context, however, has been as controversial and difficult for the c...

To grasp fully the significance of this principle (which is usually described by using the Latin maxim nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege) a few words of introduction are necessary. National legal systems tend to embrace, and ground their criminal law on either the doctrine of substantive justice or that of strict legality. Under the former doctrine the legal order must primarily aim at prohib...

The incidence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) in children is alarmingly high, with reported rates ofearly-onset conduct problems in young preschool children ranging from 4-6% (Egger & Angold, 2006) and as high as 35% for low-income families (Webster-Stratton & Hammond, 1998), Developmental theorists have suggested that, compared with typical children, early-star...

A Practice Note covering trends and developments in the federal government's prosecution of white collar crime. Specifically, this Note examines the government's tactics and strategies in enforcing federal criminal laws, the elements of several criminal statutes frequently used by the government to prosecute corporate crime, what constitutes criminal intent in white collar cases, company and ma...

The relationship between law and morality represents a major theme in jurisprudence and is the subject-matter of this article. I shall focus on the use of the criminal law to enforce morality and, in particular, I shall consider whether an identifiable line can be drawn between moral standards that may properly be the subject of legal enforcement and those that may not. This issue was, of cours...

In the light of endeavours for a Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP) among developing countries, this article is concerned with the extent and structure of trade control measures in developing countries against imports of manufactures. More specifically, tariff charges, specific tariffs and quantitative restrictions are examined in selected developing countries. The analysis suggests that...