We report a case of recurrent mixed type II cryoglobulinemia with difficult diagnosis and treatment dilemma and uncertain prognosis in view of limited studies. A 60-year-old male with history of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia 12 years ago treated successfully with six months of cyclophosphamide and prednisone presented with bilateral lower extremity pupuric rash and swelling. He was found to ...

Cryoglobulinemia refers to the presence of circulating cryoglobulins in the serum which may lead to organ damage and systemic response characterized by fatigue, arthralgias, purpura, glomerulonephritis and neuropathy. The disease mainly affects small and medium-sized blood vessels and causes vasculitis due to cryoglobulin-containing immune complexes. Mixed cryoglobulinemia (type I and II) are m...

Although the association of cryoglobulinemia with hypocomplementemia and tissue injury in systemic lupus erythematosus is well recognized, composition of cryoprecipitates in terms of circulating antigens and antibodies in this disease is less clear. To clarify this question, cryoprecipitates from patients with SLE were examined with sensitive assay techniques for certain antipolynucleotide anti...

OBJECTIVE Chronic HCV infection is associated with extra-hepatic manifestations. Recent studies have suggested an immunomodulatory role for vitamin D during HCV infection. We investigated the association between serum vitamin D status and the presence of HCV extra-hepatic manifestations. METHODS 25(OH)D serum levels were assessed in 94 HCV(+)RNA(+) patients [including 48 patients with mixed c...

A skeletal muscle involvement associated with skin, renal and liver pathology has been described in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. In some cases the muscle atrophy was consequence of a peripheral neuropathy but in such patients the muscle pathology has not been defined. Skin and skeletal muscle biopsies were performed in 6 patients with type II essential mixed cryoglobylinemia....

Introduction. The HCV infection is a common disease with many chronically infected patients worldwide. So far, the standard therapy of a chronic HCV infection consisted of interferon as single therapy or in combination with ribavirin. After approval of the two protease inhibitors, boceprevir and telaprevir, the standard therapy for patients with genotype 1 changed. In patients with acute kidney...

AIMS We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathologic features of 8 cases of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis with hyaline thrombi, to confirm the diagnosis of cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (CRYGN) associated with HBV infection. METHODS Retrospective analysis was carried out with demographic information, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, pathological and progno...

Mice implanted with hybridoma secreting 6-19 IgG3 anti-IgG2a rheumatoid factor (RF) with cryoglobulin activity develop acute glomerulonephritis and cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. As the RF activity is implicated in the skin, but not glomerular lesions, it is still unclear whether the renal pathogenicity is determined by 6-19 H chains alone or their combination with L chains. To address ...

4þ haematuria, but urinary sediments showed few red blood cells (1-2-1/high-power fields). His renal function recovered concomitantly with improvement of haemolytic anaemia; thus, haemolysis might also have contributed to the development of his renal dysfunction. Indeed, haemolysisrelated renal dysfunction has occurred in patients with HCV infection [1]. Our patient showed cryoglobulinaemia, bu...