due to the british hegemony of iran in both pre- and post-constitutional revolutionary periods (1906-1911), the iranian legal system was expected to be influenced by british common law following the establishment of the modern government after the revolution. but it did not happen for various legal and non-legal reasons. a major legal reason could be iranians’ long history of acquaintance with ...

this article explain unsuccessful iranian intellectuals' attempts in the fields of thoughts and politics through surveying ideas of ehsan tabari and jalal ale-ahmad. it tries to show that theirs ideas have been under hegemony of political formalism; so their naïve attitudes has converted their thought to an ideology which serve to political aims based on a political formalism. this article...

The purpose of this article is to consider several Spanish thinkers and cultural figures of the 1850s who favoured in political thought an emphasis on the individuality of persons, and sometimes of events. 1 It will look at the relationship between such individuality and discussions of alienation, history, and modernity. Finally, the article will link the consideration of political thinkers to ...

Genetic algorithms are known to be convergent algorithms, with the final population tending to become homogeneous. In this paper we show that it is possible to exhibit complex dynamics for a genetic algorithm by slightly modifying the canonical algorithm. Indeed, adding a metalevel in the interpretation of the individuals, associated with a coupling between individuals, gives rise to periodic o...