BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP15) is a maternal gene necessary for mammalian reproduction. BMP15 expression increased in oocytes accompanied by follicle growth and development. The function and regulation mechanism of BMP15 in porcine cumulus cell apoptosis process is still unclear now. METHODS In this study, flow cytometry (FCM) was used to analyze the effects of BMP15 with di...

We investigated the ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to overcome the defensive capacity of cumulus cells, and elucidate the mechanism through which ROS differentially deteriorate oocyte quality. Metaphase II mouse oocytes with (n=1634) and without cumulus cells (n=1633) were treated with increasing co...

The two-fluid single-column model of thuburn et al. (2019) is extended to include moisture and horizontal wind shear. Turbulent kinetic energy introduced as a prognostic variable, dependence on diagnosed boundary layer height removed, subfilter fluxes are approximated using version Mellor-Yamada scheme. Three mechanisms for entrainment detrainment processes introduced, which represent unstable ...

The serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 (SERPINE2) inhibits urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) and tissue-type plasminogen activator. Higher SERPINE2 expression levels were detected in cumulus cells of human immature oocytes than in those of mature oocytes. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether high SERPINE2 levels in cumulus cells are associated with oocyte imm...

Abstract The influence of the intraseasonal Indo-western Pacific convection oscillation (IPCO) on absence typhoons in July 2020 over western North (WNP) was explored. While observation analysis shows that necessary conditions such as sea surface temperature (SST) and vertical wind shear meet basic requirement or even are conducive to formation typhoon, unprecedented typhoon WNP occurred 2020, i...

During mammalian oocyte growth, genomic DNA may accumulate DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by factors such as reactive oxygen species. Recent evidence demonstrated that slight DSBs do not activate DNA damage checkpoint proteins in denuded oocytes. These oocytes, even with DNA DSBs, can resume meiosis and progress to metaphase of meiosis II. Meiotic resumption in oocytes is also controll...

Cumulus cells are a group of closely associated granulosa cells that surround and nourish oocytes. Previous studies have shown that cumulus cells contribute to oocyte maturation and fertilization through gap junction communication. However, it is not known how this gap junction signaling affects in vivo versus in vitro maturation of oocytes, and their subsequent fertilization and embryonic deve...

In this study, a spectral model for convective transport is coupled to thermal population on two-dimensional horizontal “microgrid,” covering the typical gridbox size of general circulation models. The goal explore new ways representing impacts spatial organization in cumulus cloud fields. thermals are considered smallest building block convection, with life cycle and movement represented throu...

Abstract The East Asian summer climate displays a marked change after the late 1990s. This is principally due to weakening of Pacific–Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern that was dominant driver precipitation variability over Asia. Nevertheless, western Japan has frequently experienced heavy rainfall events past several years. Atmospheric reanalysis and observational datasets are used investigate...

The authors develop and apply an algorithm to define coherent areas of precipitation, emphasizing mesoscale convection, and compare properties of these areas with observations obtained from NCEP stage-IV precipitation analyses (gauge and radar combined). In Part II, fully explicit 12–36-h forecasts of rainfall from the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) are evaluated. These forecasts ...