Efficient manipulation of magnetic materials is essential for spintronics. In conventional spin-current-generator/magnet (SCG/M) bilayers, interfacial spin-orbit torques (SOTs) lose effectiveness in applications that require large layer thicknesses to maintain anisotropy and stability at lateral sizes tens nanometers (e.g., tunnel junctions racetrack nanowires). Here, we develop a universally w...

background: in isfahan, the second metropolitan in iran, there are 1448 dentistry treatment centers that most of them are inefficient. today, efficiency is the most important issue in health care centers as well as dentistry clinics. the goal of this research is to investigate the affordability and efficiency of dentistry clinics in isfahan province, iran. methods: the current work is a quantit...

BACKGROUND: Suitable and useful usage of different kind of fertilizers is the main way for reformation and potential of soil fertility and increasing of crops yield. Microelements are the critical elements for plants; also play the important role in crop productivity where it is used in low rate. Optimum plant nutrition and maximum yield is achieved when nutrient elements are a...