background. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients frequently undergo chest radiographs (CXrs). The diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of routine CXrs are now known to be low, but the discussion regarding specific indications for CXrs in critically ill patients and the safety of abandoning routine CXRs is still ongoing. We performed a survey of Dutch intensivists on the current practice of chest r...

BACKGROUND In TB outbreaks, detecting active cases is the key step in stopping transmission of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of high-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning of the chest in the investigation of a TB outbreak that developed in a cohort of 92 soldiers in the South Korean army. METHODS Outbreak investigation, including tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON T...

BACKGROUND Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture negative. Furthermore, clinical presentation may be altered by active case finding, isoniazid prophylaxis and early treatment. We aimed to establish the value of presenting symptoms for intrathoracic TB case diagnosis among young children. METHODS Healthy, HIV-uninfected, South African infants in an eff...

Information regarding the utility of adjunct diagnostic tests in combination with Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is limited. We hypothesised adjunct tests could enhance accuracy and/or reduce the cost of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis prior to MTB/RIF testing, and rule-in or rule-out TB in MTB/RIF-negative individuals. We assessed the accuracy and/or laboratory-associated cost of diag...

BACKGROUND The symptoms and functional limitations due to obstructive lung disease (OLD) are the direct results of airway and lung parenchymal destruction. In these conditions, airflow obstruction leads to increased work of breathing, and gas exchange abnormalities. Hyperinflation, which is inferred from a standard chest radiograph (CXR), may imply increased total lung capacity that can be seen...

BACKGROUND Thoracic trauma is commonly treated with tube thoracostomy. The overall complication rate associated with this procedure is up to 30% among all operators. The primary purpose of this study was to define the incidence and risk factors for complications in chest tubes placed exclusively by resident physicians. The secondary objective was to outline the rate of complications occult to p...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Patients with HIV-1 infection or AIDS may present with abnormal chest radiograph (CXR) findings in the absence of symptoms specific to the lung. The objective was to determine the spectrum of disease and the diagnostic modalities employed in these patients. METHODS From 1996 to 1998, we identified patients with HIV-1 infection presenting to the Bellevue Hospital Chest Service...

BACKGROUND In Zambia the vast majority of chest radiographs (CXR) are read by clinical officers who have limited training and varied interpretation experience, meaning lower inter-rater reliability and limiting the usefulness of CXR as a diagnostic tool. In 2010-11, the Zambian Prison Service and Ministry of Health established TB and HIV screening programs in six prisons; screening included dig...

Tuberculosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan yang umumnya menyerang paru-paru. Indonesia memiliki permasalahan underreporting dan underdiagnosis kasus TB. Chest x-ray (CXR) salah satu sarana utama dalam pendeteksian TB pada CXR sensitifitas tinggi mendeteksi abnormalitas paru-paru menjadi ciri-ciri penderita pasien tidak menunjukkan gejala Pendeteksian dapat dibantu dengan me...

Figure 1: Effec2ve radia2on doses and ranges for standard chest CT, low-­‐dose CT (LDCT), and chest x-­‐ray (CXR) Objec2ves Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Yet, screening for lung cancer remains controversial. We compared the risks and benefits of lung cancer screening with low-­‐dose helical CT (LDCT) r...