NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox)2 and Nox4 are the isoforms of Nox expressed in the macula densa (MD). MD-derived superoxide (O₂⁻), primarily generated by Nox2, is enhanced by acute ANG II stimulation. However, the effects of chronic elevations in ANG II during ANG II-induced hypertension on MD-derived O₂⁻ are unknown. We infused a slow pressor dose of ANG II (600 ng·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹) for 2 wk in C57BL/6 mice a...

OBJECTIVE Puerarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from the TCM lobed kudzuvine root. This study investigated the effect and mechanisms of puerarin on diabetic aorta in rats. METHODS Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats were administered with puerarin for 3 weeks. Levels of serum insulin (INS), PGE2, endothelin (ET), glycated hemoglobin (GHb), H2O2, and nitric oxide (NO) in rats were ...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the etiological agent of acute respiratory diseases, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The exacerbated production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways in response to RSV is an important pillar in the development of these pathologies. As such, a keen understanding of the mechanisms that modulate the inflammatory response during RSV in...

Inflammation and oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are consistently associated with metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes. Although the role of Nox2, a major ROS-generating enzyme, is well described in host defense and inflammation, little is known about its potential role in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet...

The phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) is known to be expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B lymphocytes. Phosphorylation of the NOX2 cytosolic subunit p47phox is required for phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NOX2 activation in EBV-transformed B lymphocytes, however the role of this process in receptor-mediated NOX2 activation is not known. Here, we used pansorbin which ac...

OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to regulate platelet activation; however, the mechanisms of ROS production during platelet activation remain unclear. Platelets express different isoforms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) oxidases (NOXs). Here, we investigated the role of NOX1 and NOX2 in ROS generation and platelet activation using NOX1 and NOX2 knocko...

AIMS The highly expressed cell adhesion receptor CD29 (β(1)-integrin) is essential for cardiomyocyte growth and survival, and its loss of function causes severe heart disease. However, CD29-induced signalling in cardiomyocytes is ill defined and may involve reactive oxygen species (ROS). A decisive source of cardiac ROS is the abundant NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoform NOX2. Because understanding of ...

Pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs), composed of clusters of amine [serotonin (5-HT)] and peptide-producing cells, are widely distributed within the airway mucosa of human and animal lungs. NEBs are thought to function as airway O(2)-sensors, since they are extensively innervated and release 5-HT upon hypoxia exposure. The small cell lung carcinoma cell line (H146) provides a useful model f...

BACKGROUND NADPH oxidases play an essential role in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based signaling in the heart. Previously, we have demonstrated that (peri)nuclear expression of the catalytic NADPH oxidase subunit NOX2 in stressed cardiomyocytes, e.g. under ischemia or high concentrations of homocysteine, is an important step in the induction of apoptosis in these cells. Here this ischemia-indu...

During exercise, skeletal muscle produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) via NADPH oxidase (NOX2) while inducing cellular adaptations associated with contractile activity. The signals involved in this mechanism are still a matter of study. ATP is released from skeletal muscle during electrical stimulation and can autocrinely signal through purinergic receptors; we searched for an influence of th...