An algorithm for synaptic modiication (plasticity) is described by which a recurrently connected network of neuron-like units can organize itself to produce a sequence of activation states that does not repeat itself for a very long time. During the self-organization stage, the connections between the units undergo non-Hebbian modiications, which tend to decorrelate the activity of the units, t...

With key roles in essential brain functions ranging from the long-term potentiation (LTP) to synaptic plasticity, the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) can be considered as one of the fundamental glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. The role of NMDA R was first identified in synaptic plasticity and has been extensively studied. Some molecules, such as Ca(2+), postsynaptic ...

We demonstrate that the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors atorvastatin and simvastatin enhance functional outcome and induce brain plasticity when administered after stroke to rats. With atorvastatin treatment initiated 1 day after stroke, animals exhibited significant increases in vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, angiogenes...

The plasticity of micron scale Cu and Au wires under cyclic torsion is investigated for the first time by using a torsion balance technique. In addition to a size effect, a distinct Bauschinger effect and an anomalous plastic recovery, wherein reverse plasticity even occurs upon unloading, are unambiguously revealed. The Bauschinger effect and plastic recovery have been observed in molecular dy...

Strain gradient plasticity has been the subject of extensive research in past 40 years order to model size effects metal plasticity, on one hand, and provide finite width shear bands simulation localization phenomena, other hand. However, use emerging models is still limited academic applications not yet adopted by industry practitioners. The present paper systematically reviews pros cons at st...

A novel thermodynamically consistent cohesive-frictional model for the analysis of interface degradation and failure under either monotonic quasi-static loading or cyclic in low-cycle fatigue problems is proposed. Starting from definition a suitable Helmholtz energy density function, phenomenological developed framework plasticity damage mechanics. In particular, coupled plasticity-damage activ...

Failure of tailings dams can result in significant spill, loss human lives, and damages to the environment infrastructure. Cyclic loadings such as earthquakes blasting are among main threats stability dams. Seismic analyses further challenged by uncertainty variability properties. In this paper, influence input motion characteristics spatial coal (CT) properties on seismic a typical upstream-co...

The striatum participates in multiple forms of behavioral adaptation, including habit formation, other forms of procedural memory, and short- and long-term responses to drugs of abuse. The cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) family of transcription factors has been implicated in various forms of behavioral plasticity, but its role in the dorsal portion of the striatum-has been li...

Prostanoids have a broad spectrum of biological activities in a variety of organs including the brain. However, their effects on synaptic plasticity in the brain, which have been recently revealed, are ambiguous in comparison to those in the other organs. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is a prostanoid produced from arachidonic acid in the cellular membrane, and knowledge about its functions is inc...

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are subthreshold activated voltage-gated ion channels. In the cortex, these channels are predominantly expressed in dendrites where they significantly modify dendritic intrinsic excitability as well synaptic potential shapes and integration. HCN channel trafficking to dendrites is regulated by the protein, TRIP8b. Additionally, ...