Lending standards are a direct measure of credit conditions. We use the micro data merged from three separate sources to construct this and document that an uncertain macroeconomic outlook, rather than banks' balance sheet positions, was important reason majority banks tightened bank lending during Great Recession. Our extensive analysis disciplines how we introduce frictions in banking sector ...

Background. The study provides an analysis of cyclical time in the advertising tourist narrative. Historically, two main models coexist cultural consciousness, i.e., and linear time. In linguistic picture world, are complementary. connection with phenomena nature, relationship event especially relevant for narrative.
 Purpose. To determine features functioning Materials methods. actual mat...

We propose cyclical persistence as an important factor in‡uencing the timing of innovation. Schumpeter (1939) argues innovation should be concentrated during recessions when its marginal opportunity cost as forgone output is low. We propose the timing of innovation should be a¤ected additionally by innovation’s marginal expected return. A simple theory is presented, showing higher persistence r...

Sauropod dinosaurs include the largest terrestrial animals and are considered to have uninterrupted rapid rates of growth, which differs from their more basal relatives, which have a slower cyclical growth. Here we examine the bone microstructure of several sauropodomorph dinosaurs, including basal taxa, as well as the more derived sauropods. Although our results agree that the plesiomorphic co...

This article, part of a special section on the Relational Foundations of Psychotherapy, describes a particular relational approach called cyclical psychodynamics. Cyclical psychodynamics is rooted both in the relational perspective in psychoanalysis and in an integrative melding of psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, systemic, and experiential points of view. Central to its theoretical structu...