In previous reports we have described the toxicity of certain peptones and amino acids, particularly cystine, for brucellae (Schuhardt, Rode, Foster, and Oglesby, 1949; Schuhardt, Rode, and Oglesby, 1949). Subsequently, we found and reported that cystine per se is not toxic for these organims, and proved that the observed toxicity of autoclaved cystine is due to a heat-induced breakdown product...

BACKGROUND The 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU requirement for methionine in healthy adults consuming a cystine-free diet is 13 mg.kg(-1).d(-1). It is unclear whether this daily requirement is influenced by dietary cystine. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effect of 2 intakes of cystine (5 and 12 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) on methionine requirements in well-nourished Indian men by using 7 test methionine intakes (3, 6, 9, 1...

We have shown previously that extracellular cysteine is necessary for cellular responses to S-nitrosoalbumin. In this study we have investigated mechanisms involved in accumulation of extracellular cysteine outside vascular smooth muscle cells and characterized the role of cystine-cysteine release in transfer of nitric oxide (NO)-bioactivity. Incubation of cells with cystine led to cystine upta...

Glutamate binds to both excitatory neurotransmitter binding sites and a Cl(-)-dependent, quisqualate- and cystine-inhibited transport site on brain neurons. The neuroblastoma-primary retina hybrid cells (N18-RE-105) are susceptible to glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. The Cl(-)-dependent transport site to which glutamate and quisqualate (but not kainate or NMDA) bind has a higher affinity for cys...

serious restrictions on the extensibility of the spiral. I t may be calculated from columns 3, 4 and 5 of Table I that the cystine content of Fraction I corresponds to approx, only I cystine residue/3o non-cystine residues, whereas the average for wool is i :i6. This favours the possibility that the cystine is intra-linked in Fraction I and corresponds to the AB cystine fraction of PHILLIPS. Th...

IT has been suspected that some of the diets used in vitamin work, which contain protein in the form of purified caseinogen, may be deficient in cystine. This is particularly the case with diets used in experiments with the B-vitamins, since those used in the study of the fat-soluble vitamins usually contain the B-vitamins in the form of yeast or yeast extracts, which are rich in cystine. The r...

Cystine is one of five amino acids (arginine, cystine, glutamine, histidine, tyrosine) which are essential for the survival and growth of human and animal cells in culture (l-3), even though they are not needed for nitrogen balance in man. It will here be shown that all the serially propagated human strains so far studied can synthesize cystine from methionine and glucose, but that under ordina...

Preceding studies (1) show that one of the products of the dismutation of cystine disulfoxide (R-(SO)z-R) is the sulfinic acid (R-SOZH), a compound which possesses greater stability in solution than any other intermediate oxidation product of cystine obtained thus far. It was interesting, therefore, to determine whether the sulfinic acid results from the dismutation of cystine in the presence o...

Sorted muscle cells, cultured from a patient with nephropathic cystinosis, stored 100 times normal amounts of cystine. Subcellular fractionation and density-gradient centrifugation confirmed that the cystine was located in a lysosomal compartment. 2. Myoblasts from cystinotic patients in culture underwent fusion to myotubes in a normal fashion. 3. The free thiol cysteamine effectively depleted ...