conclusions the activities studied by the production of pnp were determined by following the increase at 410 nm. the maximum pnp was produced at 30°c with an optical density of 10.62 in the presence of cytoplasmic expression of oph (pet21a-opd). consequently, our results suggest cytoplasmic expression system as an appropriate candidate with a high amount of oph in spite of inclusion body format...

Mycobacterium smegmatis is able to grow and survive at acidic pH, and exhibits intracellular pH homeostasis under these conditions. In this study, the authors have identified low proton permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, and high cytoplasmic buffering capacity, as determinants of intrinsic acid resistance of M. smegmatis. To identify genes encoding proteins involved in protecting cells f...

Growth of normal fibroblasts requires an adhesive substratum on which to spread, whereas transformed cells can grow in suspension. Since an alkaline cytoplasm has been shown to be required for growth, we measured cytoplasmic pH in individual cells as a function of spreading. The degree of spreading was controlled by coating tissue culture plastic with varying amounts of the nonadhesive polymer ...

antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies were detected in patients with some autoimmune and vascular disease such as wegner’s granulomatosis polyarthritis nodosa and systemic lupus erythematosus. indirect immunofluorescence technique was employed to detect these autoantibodies. by this method, two general patterns of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies were seen: a cytoplasmic (c-anca) a...

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies have been detected in patients with some autoimmune and vascular diseases such as wegner's granulomatosis, polyarthritis nodosa and systemic lupus erythematosus. indirect immunofluorescence technique has been employed to detect these autoantibodies. by this method, two general patterns of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were seen: a cytoplasmic (...

The dissociations of porcine heart mitochondrial, bovine heart mitochondrial, and porcine heart cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase dimers (I,-malate: NAI)’ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37) have been examined by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography and sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation. The porcine mitochondrial enzyme was found to chromatoyraph as subunits when applied to a gel filtr...

The effect of raised cytoplasmic pH (pHi) on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients following calcium influx during membrane depolarization was studied in identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. The pHi was monitored with pH-sensitive microelectrodes. Sea water containing 15 mM NH 4C1 at pH 7.7 elevated pHi about 0.35 pH units from the normal level...

In maize (Zea mays) and other grasses, changes in orientation of stems are perceived by pulvinal tissue, which responds to the stimulus by differential growth resulting in upward bending of the stem. The amyloplast-containing bundle sheath cells are the sites of gravity perception, although the initial steps of gravity perception and transmission remain unclear. In columella cells of Arabidopsi...

Morphogenesis in plants is characterized by highly regulated cell enlargement. However, the mechanisms controlling and localizing regions of growth remain essentially unknown. Root hair formation involves the induction of a localized cell expansion in the lateral wall of a root epidermal cell. This expanded region then enters a second phase of localized growth called tip growth. Root hair forma...

The pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP) binds to a membrane at pH 7.4 unstructured but folds across the bilayer as a transmembrane helix at pH∼6. Despite their promising applications as imaging probes and drug carriers that target cancer cells for cytoplasmic cargo delivery, the mechanism of pH modulation on pHLIP-membrane interactions has not been completely understood. Here, we show the first st...